Serious Game Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Genuine Game Critique - Essay Example The genuine games have the ability of changing assessments of the social orders of affecting them towards accomplishing a shared objective through teaching and amusing learning. This has stimulated the need to break down one genuine game, so as to show the manner in which it has the abilities of impacting the social orders towards social, physical, and passionate changes. The examination concentrate additionally recognizes if the genuine game was fruitful, and represent the manner in which the focused on crowd reacted to the game. This paper explicitly surveys the Climate Defense, which is a safeguard games instructing the player to forestall the an unnatural weather change through the retention of carbon dioxide before working up into the environment. The game contains towers that speak to amounts of trees that can be planted to ingest the carbon dioxide discharged to the climate. The towers are developed by the player to devastate the billows of carbon dioxide, which matches along the pathway starting from the earliest stage to the environment as waves. The game presents the general effects on the player, particularly after the expansion of worldwide temperatures. It gives subtleties of the normal outcomes, as anticipated by the financial analysts and researchers after the expansion of the worldwide temperatures. Notwithstanding, the games give a chance to the player to move toward the tricky part of the outcomes by diminishing the wave-size of the discharged carbon dioxide. It likewise gives the player an elective methodology of expanding the effectiveness of vitality utilizations by diminishing the influxes of carbon dioxide, which the trees must arrangement with. Hence, the game accomplishes its objectives of disposing of the player the different ways to deal with end the issue of an Earth-wide temperature boost, particularly the basic one of planting the trees. It accomplishes its ideas be in any event, anticipating the potential effects if the circumstance isn't taken leveled out. Such forecasts incorporate the efficient perspective and logical

Subculture of Hip Hop free essay sample

Everything began with the introduction of a country. The dishonorable wrongdoings that manufacture this nation lay on the backs of a subjugated people, yesterday in chains and with laws and today in a correctional facility and inside colonization. The story is as old as our time. The main slaves were brought to the Virginia Colony in the early asses. They were essentially contractually bound slave whom would be discharged in the wake of working a concurred number of years. They came to America on an intentional premise. Before long, that model of servitude was replaces with the race-based subjugation utilized in the Caribbean.Slavery was formally sanctioned in 1641 and step by step relapsed to the severe structure that we know today. The sabotaging and persecution of those African individuals were fixed in 1 712 when William Lynch, an estate proprietor from the British West Indies, was approached to go to the Virginia Colony to give essentially a course on the most proficient method to oversee slaves. We will compose a custom article test on Subculture of Hip Hop or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page His technique, as I would like to think was the impetus that began the mental persecution that despite everything plagues the African American mind today. In his discourse he contrasted Blacks legitimately with ponies saying, Both pony and naggers is nothing but bad to the economy in the more stunning or characteristic state.Both must be broken and passed on together for methodical creation. (Lynch 1712). He felt that the most significant factor to dealing with a slave was breaking his brain, or their will to stand up to. In the discourse he gave he spread out three significant focuses that were required. 1. Breaking the mother 2. Undermining the man before the lady and posterity 3. Expelling men from family in the wake of posterity were brought into the world The breaking of the lady was the most significant as it lead to propagation of the slave attitude through posterity which guaranteed endurance of the mindset without any work done with respect to the slave proprietor. In the wake of smelling the reliance of the lady from the man it made her accomplish for the ace and not for herself. In undermining and expelling the male from the family unit, which additionally strengthened the autonomy of the mother and dread in the lady, it made the mother thus show those jobs to her kids. She showed the female youngster to be autonomous and to live for the ace and in dread for her male posterity life showed him the standards which made him mentally reliant, yet kept on keeping them genuinely solid. He even contemplated that the slaves may in the end erect along these lines of thinking.His arrangement was to crossbreed Whites with the slave ladies. By blending and making various shades of individuals this made various degrees of work. Each degree of work had various qualities which made division and caused strain among them. Lynch guaranteed that his technique would keep Blacks subjugated for tallest 300 years. 201 1 is the 29th year point from the day of his discourse and his hypothesis is as yet going solid. His thoughts are continually recreated and propagated by the ones whom it influences the most. To be deprived of your humankind and transformed into property, How can one pop when they come into the opportunity we have today?It is through making of your own reality, one where you can get away to, where you are in charge. That is the way the Hip-Hop subculture was conceived. The meaning of subculture that will use for my exploration is: a development of a characteristic culture, made out of a mix of factorials social circumstances, for example, class status, ethnic foundation, territorial and rustic or urban living arrangement, and strict alliance, however framing in their mix an utilitarian solidarity which as a coordinated effect on the taking an interest individual Gordon, 1947140) The subculture that I will investigate is the Hip-Hop subculture.Hip-Hop rose in the 1 9705 in the Bronx region of New York. Keith Wiggins an individual from Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five has been credited with instituting the term Hip Hop in the late asss however it is increasingly perceived to have been begun by DC Africa Bumboat. Bumboat is credited with truly beginning the development and setting up it has a genuine music sort. He delineated four principle mainstays of hip bounce culture and they incorporate Mincing, Digging, break moving and spray painting composing. Acquiring is additionally included as a sub component of Digging.Hip-Hop as a subculture was built up by Black Americans, the adolescent specifically in view of their standardization. Standard music was made generally by White Americans for White Americans on subjects they could identify with. Despite the fact that Hip-Hop began as only a beat it changed into something a lot more. Jamaica conceived DC Clive Cool Here Campbell, one of the most compelling in spearheading the craft of hip jump music, brought over numerous Jamaican conventions including their custom of toasting, which laid the lupine for the real rapping on instrumentals.Toasting is off the cuff, proud verse and discourse over music. Hip Hop music got one of the essential useful outlets for Black Americans to discharge their considerations, agony, and anguish about the treacheries and abuse of Black individuals. Despite the fact that a large portion of the pioneers in Hip Hop either were not conceived in America or are second era foreigners that demonstrates that regular abuse can prompt solidarity. The way that that these people were devastated and felt insignificance is the thing that brought them accumulate and lead to the way of life today.Deep established bigotry in the United States kept the class of music smothered for some time before it was permitted to try and be played on the wireless t ransmissions. Presently, in 2011, the principle customers of results of hip jump are White Americans. Dreaming Analysis The persistent standardization of African Americans has left them in a condition of anomie, not having the option to absolutely meet the social objectives and standards of white America has caused strain and useless which inevitably lead to a sentiment of alienation.The individuals from this anomic class, having comparable seasons for estrangement, have been united and attachment has shaped which strikingly takes after mechanical solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is a social bond dependent on similarity. It is the regular persecution that makes the aggregate awareness that keeps up this bond. Obscurity is the token that is idolized. Qualities of that Blackness are standardization, neediness, and persecution. These are the most overall subjects in the general public that is made. Of course, these are likewise the fundamental topics in Hip-Hop music.The aggregate aware of this gathering is interpreted through emblematic vaccination, for example, slang and beat making and means the aggregate conduct which is the Hip-Hop culture. A subculture, for example, this one is a reaction to the hole that has been made between the automatic or standard belief system and the gathering that one has picked. These subcultures are a need to reestablish control back to the principle society. We see proof of this in the selection of Hip-Hop into the standard culture which has reduced its negligibility and carried African Americans into the control of White America once again.This shows especially in the substance of the music cap is made today versus when Hip-Hop was still underground. Hibernia Critique The Hip-Hop subculture isn't a reaction to a severe authority however a shared relationship made by an emotional inclination that as an everyday citizens they have a place togeth er. Ethnicity, a mutual language, or images isn't themselves sufficiently adequate to cause a bond so solid as to make a sub gathering. This kind of bond is to a lesser degree a relationship and even more an enrollment that depends on surface attributes, for example, apparel, awful mentalities, and taste in music, in this case.Individuals separated of this culture have not been constrained into a gathering however selected into this gathering as a result of similarity or to feel cool. This subculture can be viewed as a reaction to magnetic power. Emcees and Des, in light of their ability, high regard in the network, and shallow riches, are viewed as figures to admire. These people were in this way followed into the formation of this subculture. These two examinations Of the Hip-Hop culture has lead us me to experiences with regards to why the subculture was made, has been kept up, and is so promptly embraced by the standard today. Something that began similarly as something enjoyable to keep youthful African Americans in the clear developed into its own general public. This general public despite the fact that it began as a counterculture has discovered its way into the standard. The music that has come about, when prohibited from wireless transmissions, presently is utilized more than not in all aspects of notice, at games, and tops announcements ceaselessly. This shows the abuse set on this gathering and the positivist that came about because of it changed the world as we probably am aware it.

Niger Delta Conflict On The Nigerian Economy Politics Essay

Niger Delta Conflict On The Nigerian Economy Politics Essay The goal of this Chapter is to give a foundation to the investigation. This incorporates the ramifications of the Niger-Delta (ND) struggle on the Nigerian economy, the beginning of absolution strategy, the target of the examination, investigate questions, philosophy just as extension and impediments to the examination. Foundation to the Study The centrality of the Niger-Delta Region to Nigerias economy is unquestionable. This is on the grounds that it delivers the oil that by and by supported the economy. Sadly, in any case, in the course of the most recent decades, it has gotten an inside for rough fights with damaging results on the Nigerian economy and socio-political strength just as the undulated impact over the worldwide. For example, government measurements have indicated that in 2005, Crude oil creation has tumbled from 2.7million barrels every day (mbpd) to 2.4mbpd along these lines demonstrating a deficiency of 0.3mbpd in raw petroleum creation. On the income side, around the same time, the anticipated income of N1.63trillion was updated descending to N1.4trillion because of setback in unrefined petroleum creation (2006 FGN Budget Speech). Correspondingly, in 2006 expected income into the Federation Account fell by N570 billion because of loss of 600,000bpd (2007 FGN Budget Speech). In 2007, the anticipated inco me was short to the tune of N796billion because of disturbance of unrefined petroleum creation in the Niger-Delta locale (2008 FGN Budget Speech). In 2008, unrefined petroleum creation was anticipated at around 2.45mbpd yet just 2.00mbpd was accomplished additionally because of disturbance of creation (2009 FGN Budget Speech). In 2009, unrefined petroleum income projection fell by 17% because of disturbance underway just as fall in raw petroleum cost at the global market (2010 FGN Budget Speech). Another pointer to the bleak idea of the Nigerian economy was the utilization of the Excess Revenue Account (ERA) from year 2006 consistently, with the exception of in some not very many cases, to enlarge the month to month dispensing of income from the Federation Account. For example, over N733.81bn and N795.41bn were pulled back from the ERA to increase spending use for the three levels of government in 2007 and 2008 individually (CBN, Annual Report, 2008). The contention has been accused on the countries awkwardness political structure; long periods of ecological contamination because of oil investigation and extraction exercises; infrastructural disregard and interest for bigger portion of income from raw petroleum deals (Omeje, 2006). Be that as it may, unmistakably, throughout the decades, government have utilized carrots and sticks approaches both to constrain and assuage the individuals of the Niger-Delta Region. While the past measures have had some huge effects in certain regards, there are repeating echoes of horror from the area. Among the past endeavors were the making of the Niger-Delta Development Board (NDDB), Oil Mineral Producing Areas Development Commission (OMPADEC), Niger-Delta Development Commission (NDDC), Derivation Principle (from 1% to 13%) and the foundation of Niger-Delta Ministry in 2008. Fisher-Thompson (2010) composing for the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Division of State saw that the way to Nigerias financial advancement is soundness in the Niger River Delta, where the greater part of the countrys oil and flammable gas is delivered and where a seething militancy and harm of creation offices compromise progress for the locales 30million occupants. Along these lines perceiving the tremendous possibilities of Niger-Delta for the country everywhere, the late President YarAdua, for instance, said it is fanciful to imagine that power could be produced and transmitted on a supportable premise in Nigeria if goals of the Niger-Delta question remains truly or metaphorically in the pipelines (Adeniyi, 2010), Similarly, the Technical Committee on the Niger-Delta (TCND, 2008), noticed that President YarAdua perceived the vital significance of the Region as the principle wellspring of Nigerias outside income by making the Niger-Delta issue one of the 7-Poi nt program of the organization. Consequently, absolution was allowed to the aggressors in the Niger-Delta district of Nigeria in June 2009, by late President YarAdua to soothe the annoying militancy in the area. There is, in any case, scarcely any investigation right now that have made any helpful endeavor to break down the effect of the reprieve program on the countries unrefined petroleum creation just as income stream into the Federation Account with the exception of the spotted papers cuts and other dissipated authority records. Likewise, all things considered with most novel methodologies, the acquittal program has been welcomed with bunches of incredulity as its reasonable effect of reestablishing harmony and improved unrefined petroleum creation and stream of income into the Federation Account probably won't be accomplished. As needs be, as a topical issue in Nigeria, which suitability is addressed, it gives the inspiration and enthusiasm to examine government archives so as to give a superior image of the circumstance. Moreso, as a staff of Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission (RMAFC), an office of government that is intrinsically accused of the capacity of observing income gatherings into and payment from the Federation Account, added more driving force to the subject of the examination. Thus, this examination is an endeavor to assemble official records just as different sources so as to give a fundamental effect of the absolution program on raw petroleum creation and income into Federation Account. Destinations In this examination, the mission isn't to talk about the pardon program or to harp on the oil calamity in Nigeria, yet to relate the acquittal program to a portion of the normal advantages, which are explicitly interconnected with improved raw petroleum creation and stream of oil income into the Federation Account. At the end of the day, the essential point of this exploration is to see if the acknowledgment of reprieve by the activists in the Niger-Delta has any huge effect on unrefined petroleum creation yield and stream of oil income into the Federation Account. RESEARCH QUESTIONS This exploration would especially endeavor to respond to the accompanying examination questions: Whatever degree has the allowing of acquittal as an instrument to oversee asset struggle in the Niger-Delta locale adds to improved raw petroleum creation? What is the impact of the reprieve on the progression of income into the Federation Account (Common Pool) from the oil segment? How does the acquittal program sway on the Nigerias financial federalism? System Jankowicz, (1995) has characterized technique as a deliberate and precise methodology taken towards the assortment of information with the goal that data can be acquired from those information. This exploration receives a subjective methodology, which has been portrayed as an abstract record that one creates by getting inside circumstances and including oneself in the ordinary progression of life (Gill and Johnson, 2005:89). In Strauss and Corbin (1990:17) Qualitative Research is any sort of research that produces discoveries not showed up at by methods for factual methodology or different methods for evaluation. The target of utilizing this methodology is to have the option to reach determination from the examination question with regards to whether there was an expansion in raw petroleum creation just as income stream into Federation Account because of the acquittal allowed to the aggressors. This exploration utilizes auxiliary information assortment approach. The information of unrefined petroleum creation measurements and income inflow were sourced from Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission, Federation Account Allocation Committee Files (FAAC) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Regardless of, their weaknesses, the validity of information from these organizations isn't in question in light of the fact that no some other office can give such information inside and outside Nigeria without alluding to them as source. The information gathered were assessed utilizing a straightforward information review strategy which is an examination between genuine encounter and counterfactual situations. This sort of procedure is contained three strategies to be specific; with versus without, before versus after and target versus genuine. This technique is fundamentally used to break down the impacts of projects and execution (Douangboupha, 2004). This examination embraced the when method since it give the premise wherein correlation is done between unrefined petroleum creation and income stream into Federation Account when the pardon has been conceded. The before versus after technique is utilized to contrast execution of another arrangement and what was before the change. This methodology as a rule shows what occurred and not why it occurred. Be that as it may, this drew closer is reprimanded on the way that it disregards other outside components that can impact it result (Douangboupha, 2004). Extent OF THE RESEARCH The extent of this examination is to analyze unrefined petroleum and income information from January 2009 May 2010. Correspondingly, the exploration would not be keen on taking a gander at the acquittal program when all is said in done. Part Two Writing REVIEW Presentation The fundamental target of this Chapter is to basically audit writing from assortment of points of view on the causation and the executives of contention with connections to common assets prompted clashes. Survey of Literature Struggle is a disaster and obstacle to improvement (Collier and Hoeffler, 2000). Strife is an interference of advancement as no improvement venture will ever happen in a condition of contention. Obviously, this has been recognized by late President YarAdua that contention is compromising harmony, security, request and great administration and risking the economy of the country (YarAdua, 2009). Strife has been characterized by Burton (1990) as those practices of people or gatherings that go past contradiction that cause genuine injury to physical, security and future advancement of people, gatherings and countries. As

An Analysis of the Citizens United vs Federal Election Commission Essay

An Analysis of the Citizens United versus Federal Election Commission Ruling in the Context of Equal Right - Essay Example By method of brief foundation, the case flourishes in 2008 when a non-benefit enterprise, Citizens United, discharged a narrative entitled â€Å"Hillary† that was made to focus on the previous Senator who was at the time competing for the assignment of the Democrats. The Supreme Court decided that electioneering correspondences fell under the defensive ambit of the First Amendment. It in this way overruled the instance of Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce, which prohibited the utilization of treasury cash by partnerships to crusade possibly in support of specific up-and-comers, and the instance of McConnell v. Government Election Commission, which maintained the limitations on electioneering correspondences forced on corporate consumptions. Many had considered it an assertion of the First Amendment as ensured by the Constitution, yet a lot more felt that the Court was privileging corporate interests and was capturing the trustworthiness of the decisions. There has additio nally been a lamentable inclination to mark the individuals who bolster Citizens United as preservationists and the individuals who contradict it as increasingly dynamic. In this paper, I contend that the choice was in reality a certification of free discourse and was in certainty a festival of common freedoms. I additionally contend that the contrary result would over the long haul have progressively injurious consequences for the First Amendment. ... h originates from a corporation.† It additionally expresses that â€Å"Because discourse is a fundamental component of democracyâ€it is the way to consider authorities responsible to the peopleâ€political discourse must beat laws that would smother it by plan or inadvertence.† It at that point continued to state that organizations and individuals both reserve an option to free discourse that the legislature is dutybound to secure. Said Justice Kennedy, â€Å"Distinguishing affluent people from organizations dependent on the latter’s unique preferences of,â e.g.,â limited risk, doesn't get the job done to permit laws denying speech.† Another point that was settled on by the choice was that ruling against Citizens United would render different foundations defenseless control. The dominant part conclusion advises us that papers are companies also, and along these lines they likely could be choked from political correspondence if the Citizens case was c hosen in the contrary way. This doesn't look good for the fate of media and news coverage. To be sure, their opportunity must be energetically watched as it establishes a bedrock of our majority rule government. Adversaries of the choice, in any case, are doubtful that the insurance of free discourse is to be sure the plan of the choice †taking note of that truly, corporate interests have regularly bested open intrigue, and thinking about whether this is one more case of the tragic example. â€Å"If the boycott is struck down†, says Cohen (2009) partnerships may before long be composing huge checks to the equivalent chosen authorities whom they are requesting to give them bailouts or to expel wellbeing and-security guidelines from their manufacturing plants or to embed redid escape clauses into the assessment code.† Fears have been raised that the choice will see a development of corporate campaigning in considerably more fabulous scale than present:

15 Classic Poems for the New Year

15 Classic Poems for the New Year The diverting of the schedule starting with one year then onto the next has consistently been a period of reflection and expectation. We spend the daysâ summing up past encounters, saying goodbye to those we have lost, restoring old kinships, making arrangements and goals, and communicating our desires for what's to come. These are fit subjects for sonnets, similar to these works of art on New Year’s topics. Robert Burns, â€Å"Song-Auld Lang Syne† (1788) It is a tune that millions decide to sing each year as the clock strikes 12 PM and it is an immortal exemplary. Days of yore is both a melody and a sonnet, all things considered, tunes are verse combined with a good soundtrack, isn't that so? But then, the tune we know today isnt an incredible same thing that Robert Burns had at the top of the priority list when he composed it more than two centuries back. The song has changed and a couple of the words have been refreshed (and others have not) to meet present day tongues. For example, in the last section, Burns composed: What's more, there’s a hand, my trusty fere!And gie’s a hand o’ thine!And we’ll tak a privilege gude-willie waught, The advanced rendition likes: What's more, thers a hand, my trusty friend,And gies a hand o thine;Well tak a cup o generosity yet, It is the expression gude-willie waught that gets a great many people off guard its simple to perceive any reason why numerous individuals decide to rehash cup o benevolence yet. They do mean something very similar however, as gude-willie is Scottish modifier meaningâ good-willâ andâ waughtâ meansâ hearty drink. Tip:  A normal misguided judgment is that Sin is pronouncedâ zineâ when truly it is more likeâ sign. It meansâ sinceâ andâ auld lang syneâ refers to something like old since a long time ago. Ella Wheeler Wilcox, â€Å"The Year† (1910) On the off chance that there is a New Years Eve sonnet worth putting to memory, it is Ella Wheeler Wilcoxs The Year. This short and rhythmical sonnet summarizes all that we involvement in the death of every year and it moves off the tongue when presented. What can be said in New Year rhymes,That’s not been said a thousand times?The new years come, the old years go,We realize we dream, we dream we know.We ascend giggling with the light,We rests sobbing with the night.We embrace the world until it stings,We revile it at that point and murmur for wings.We live, we love, we charm, we wed,We wreathe our ladies, we sheet our dead.We chuckle, we sob, we trust, we fear,And that’s the weight of the year. In the event that you get the chance, read Wilcoxs â€Å"New Year: A Dialogue.† Written inâ 1909, it is a phenomenal discourse among Mortal and The New Year wherein the last thumps on the entryway with offers of encouragement, trust, achievement, wellbeing, and love. The hesitant and discouraged human is at long last baited in. It is a splendid editorial on how the new year frequently resuscitates us despite the fact that it is simply one more day on the schedule. Helen Hunt Jackson, â€Å"New Year’s Morning† (1892) Along those equivalent lines, Hellen Hunt Jacksons sonnet, New Years Morning talks about how its just a single night and that every morning can be New Years. This is an awesome bit of helpful writing that closes with: Just a night from old to new;Only a rest from night to morn.The new is nevertheless the old come true;Each dawn sees another year conceived. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, â€Å"The Death of the Old Year† (1842) Writers frequently relate the old year with drudgery and distress and the new year with trust and lifted spirits. Alfred, Lord Tennyson didn't avoid these musings and the title of his sonnet, The Death of the Old Year catches the feeling of the refrains impeccably. In this great sonnet, Tennyson spends the initial four refrains regretting the years going as though it were an old and dear companion on his passing bed. The principal refrain closes with four strong lines: Old year you should not die;You came to us so readily,You lived with us so steadily,Old year you will not bite the dust. As the refrains proceed onward, he checks as the hours progressed: ’ Tis about twelve o’clock. Shake hands, before you bite the dust. Inevitably, another face is at his entryway and the storyteller must Step from the cadaver, and let him in. Tennyson tends to the new year in â€Å"Ring Out, Wild Bells† (from In Memoriam A.H.H., 1849) also. In this sonnet, he begs the wild chimes to Ring out the distress, passing on, pride, demonstrate hatred for, and a lot increasingly tacky qualities. As he does this, he requests that the chimes ring in the great, the harmony, the respectable, and the valid. All the more New Years Poetry Passing, life, bitterness, and expectation; artists in the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years took these New Years topics to extraordinary boundaries as they composed. Some took a hopeful view while, for other people, it appears to have just prompted despair. As you investigate this topic, make certain to peruse these great sonnets and study a portion of the setting of the artists lives as the impact is regularly extremely significant in comprehension. William Cullen Bryant, â€Å"A Song for New Year’s Eve† (1859) - Bryant advises us that the old year isn't yet gone and that we ought to appreciate it to the latest possible time. Numerous individuals accept this as an extraordinary update for life all in all. Emily Dickinson, â€Å"One Year prior - writes what?† (#296) - The new year makes numerous individuals think back and reflect. While not explicitly about New Years Day, this splendid sonnet is uncontrollably contemplative. The artist composed it on the commemoration of her dads passing and her composing appears to be so muddled, so distressed that it moves the peruser. Regardless of your commemoration - demise, misfortune... whatever - you have likely felt equivalent to Dickinson at once. Christina Rossetti, â€Å"Old and New Year Ditties† (1862) - The Victorian writer could be very horrible and, shockingly, this sonnet from the assortment Goblin Market and Other Poems is one of her more splendid works. It is exceptionally Biblical and offers expectation and satisfaction. Likewise Recommended Francis Thompson, â€Å"New Year’s Chimes† (1897)Thomas Hardy, â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† (made December 31, 1900, distributed 1902)Thomas Hardy, â€Å"New Year’s Eve† (1906)D.H. Lawrence, â€Å"New Year’s Eve† (1917) and â€Å"New Year’s Night† (1917)John Clare, â€Å"The Old Year† (1920)

The Medical Marijuana

The Medical Marijuana Legalizing Marijuana Nov 19, 2018 in Persuasive Essay Why Marijuana Have to be Legal? The benefits that will arise from the legalization of marijuana are various; however, among these are the potential economic contributions that marijuana could present to the economy. County, state and federal governments have continued to experience a shortfall in the budgets; as a result, the available resources have been apportioned to various projects on the basis of proportionate allocation according to the available funds. In the meantime, illegal trade of marijuana has resulted in billions of dollars being lost to criminal enterprises. Therefore, in an economic perspective, the legalization of marijuana should be allowed because of the potential financial benefits that will result in the form of taxes, creation of employment and increasing wealth for the local communities. It has been estimated that the funds that will be potentially derived from the legalization of marijuana will amount to billions annually. This translates to increased revenue for the governments for use in various projects and creation of employment; hence reducing the incidence of poverty.

The Tempest In Search of Prospero’s Identity in Caliban and Ariel - Literature Essay Samples

In Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Prospero exerts wrathful influence over the island and his servants Caliban and Ariel cannot help but cower in humble obedience. Ariel is indebted to Prospero for freeing him from the dreadful darkness of the â€Å"cloven pine† (I.ii.277) to which he was banished by the witch Sycorax. For Caliban, servitude is natural, for he was born devoid of self-control and consequently must fall under the authority of another. By examining the master-slave interactions in The Tempest, the reader can understand what Caliban and Ariel represent in the play. Some critics have suggested that Prospero’s dominion over the island is a gesture of colonial appropriation over the two natives of the island (Parker), yet Prospero’s remarkable metamorphosis from an abusive to a merciful master in the last scene complicates the relationship between Prospero and his two servants. Prospero’s acts of forgiving Caliban and freeing Ariel can be s een as a surrender of the qualities that made him a cruel and vengeful demi-god. Ariel and Caliban are perhaps manifestations of Prospero’s character flaws that he has failed to admit. Shakespeare attempts to unifies the roles of Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel by defining their relationship within the â€Å"great chain of being† as well as ironically portraying them as the Holy Trinity. This unifying effect presents Prospero with the difficulty of separating himself from Caliban’s and Ariel’s flaws. Prospero ultimately succeeds, however, in recognizing these flawed qualities as he restores himself to his original human state.Prospero and Caliban exhibit the same â€Å"darkness† or flaw, indicating that Caliban is perhaps an embodiment of Prospero’s concealed defects. When Caliban joins the gathering in the last act of the play, Prospero says: â€Å"This thing of darkness I / Acknowledge mine† (V.i.276-277), admitting he believes Cal iban is his slave. A colonial interpretation of the line might suggest that Caliban represents the subjugated native who is conquered by Prospero, a foreigner who espouses a haughty Eurocentric attitude (Riggs). More significantly, however, the lines reveal the role that Caliban plays in the development of Prospero’s character. By confessing to his ownership of Caliban, who is beget of the witch Sycorax, Prospero admits to his own â€Å"darkness† as he prepares to consummate his plan of reconciliation, to purge himself as well as those who have sinned against him. Prospero often exhibits Caliban-like qualities, lending credibility to the claim that Caliban is a physical manifestation of Prospero’s desires. Caliban, who sought to â€Å"violate / The honor of [Prospero’s] child† (I.ii.346-347), is the personification of appetite and negligence for the law. Similarly, while he was still the Duke of Milan, Prospero had an uncontrollable appetite for â€Å"the liberal arts†( 73) and was constantly â€Å"rapt in secret studies† (77), which turns out to be the hamartia that caused him to neglect his political responsibilities and enable Antonio to overthrow him (Holland).Caliban’s treasonous murder plot, furthermore, is metaphorically linked to Prospero’s insolence and disregard for authority. Just as Caliban plots to subvert the authority of Prospero through a â€Å"foul conspiracy† (IV.i.139), so Prospero displays a patronizing attitude toward the king. Upon sight of the â€Å"The wrongà ©d Duke of Milan, Prospero,† (V.i.107), King Alonso regrets having banished him and pleads to Prospero, â€Å"[I] do entreat / Thou pardon me my wrongs† (118-19). Yet Prospero ignores the king and instead greets Gonzalo: â€Å"First, noble friend, / Let me embrace thine age, whose honor cannot / Be measured or confined† (121-23). Instead of addressing the king in humble respect, Pr ospero flagrantly disregards the monarch who has just deigned himself in apology. Prospero’s subsequent lines, however, contradict his seemingly unforgiving demeanor; he embraces everyone with â€Å"Welcome, my friends all† (125). By juxtaposing Caliban’s disownment of his master with Prospero’s refusal to pay proper homage to his king, Shakespeare reveals the characteristic sameness between Prospero and Caliban as if to show that they were one single entity. Both commit a crime punishable by death and both escape punishment. The king takes no heed of Prospero’s offence; Prospero likewise forgives Caliban, bidding him, â€Å"As you look / To have my pardon, trim it handsomely† (293-94). This display of unsubstantiated reconciliation underscores the complexity of Prospero’s intentions in the play. Shakespeare, however, sheds light on this complexity by paralleling Prospero and Caliban. Through his coarse language, Caliban repres ents Prospero’s frustrations. Although Caliban appears to be nothing more than a vile slave, his complexity of language is comparable to that of Prospero. Caliban directs his accusations toward Prospero, claiming, â€Å"You taught me language, and my profit on’t / Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you / For learning me your language!† (I.ii.363-365). Caliban, who has acquired Prospero’s tongue, lashes out his frustrations in poetic verse. Caliban’s mouth has become a channel through which Prospero vents his frustrations for the injustices and pains he has endured. Caliban complains that he was his â€Å"own king† until Prospero â€Å"[stied him] / In this hard rock† and denied him â€Å"the rest o’ th’ island† (342-344). Prospero, who was denied access to his dukedom, could very well have used Caliban’s rhetoric in protest. Yet Prospero who purports to be â€Å"A prince of power† (5 4) would rather disguise his inner vulnerability. He tells Miranda, â€Å"[Antonio] whom next thyself / Of all the world I loved† (68-69). Prospero’s calloused appearance belies his true sensitivity and affliction from being betrayed by his brother, whom he loved dearly. Caliban’s irate language is therefore a representation of the discontentment that Prospero cannot express himself. He serves as the incarnation of Prospero’s own hatred and â€Å"darkness† within.The other native of the island, Ariel, exemplifies speediness and stamina that symbolize Prospero’s unflagging motivation to carry out the intricate scheme that will eventually culminate in the forgiveness his enemies. As with Caliban, Prospero assumes possession of Ariel when he addresses him â€Å"my brave spirit† (I.ii.206) or â€Å"my brave fairy.† The word â€Å"spirit,† however, could also connote â€Å"the mind and will† (OED). Ariel is a fa iry spirit who desires freedom and justice, which Prospero likewise yearns for since his banishment. Consequently, Prospero expects restitution for the injustice he received from his foul brother Antonio. Paradoxically, he also seeks freedom from anger, an emotion that has imprisoned him in solitary bitterness on the island. In this respect, Ariel represents Prospero’s â€Å"will† or â€Å"drive† to pursue his vision of achieving reconciliation. Throughout the play, Ariel carries out Prospero’s fastidious requests so perfectly that it appears as though Prospero were carrying them out himself. For the time being, Ariel is inseparable from Prospero’s existence because he personifies Prospero’s â€Å"will,† acting as an indentured servant who caters to his master’s every whim. As Prospero’s goals come to completion in the last act, his â€Å"will† dies away and Ariel â€Å"drink[s] the air before [him]† (V.i.102) and dissipates into the mist. Ariel, the personification of Prospero’s aspirations for the spiritual purity of forgiveness, no longer serves a purpose after the completion of Prospero’s plan and must therefore vanish.The roles of Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel are closely interwoven into the plot of the play. To gain a better understanding of how Shakespeare interweaves the roles of the characters, one could read The Tempest within the schema of Empedocles’ theory of elements, which assumed that the world consisted of four mystical elements— fire, earth, air, and water (IEP). Prospero is clearly the â€Å"fire† in the play since he directs his anger toward Antonio, who was â€Å"so perfidious† (I.ii.68) that he betrayed his own brother. Caliban represents the â€Å"earth† element of the play for his mind and body are as dull and unmoving as the earth itself. In fact, Prospero summons Caliban with â€Å"Thou earth, thou! Speak!† (313). Caliban’s baseness and immorality as a creature of the earth is representative of mankind’s intrinsic â€Å"darkness.† This â€Å"darkness† is the inner vice that Prospero finally acknowledges at the end of the play. Ariel obviously serves as the â€Å"air† element of the play. He lacks any form of autonomy, and his existence appears almost dependent on the tasks assigned to him by Prospero. At the literal level, the tempest that Ariel summons at the beginning of the play illustrates the â€Å"water† element of the play. More importantly, water suggests a catharsis or cleansing action, which serves to heal the emotional wounds from a tragic occurrence (Janko). As Prospero â€Å"abjures† his â€Å"airy charm† (V.i.51-54) and admits to his â€Å"darkness† (276), his eyes shed â€Å"fellowly drops† (64), forming the very tears that complete the cleansing action. Prospero’s forgivi ng of Caliban, Alonso, and Antonio and his freeing of Ariel serve to purge any resentment as well as to quell Prospero’s anger. Prospero’s island has become a witch’s brew that blends the elements of Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel and concocts a plot that culminates in a cathartic conclusion. The three characters almost appear to be one inseparable entity, each complementing the other in the workings of the plot.The natural hierarchy and order of the world is disrupted as Prospero incorporates elements of both Ariel and Caliban into his character. Lovejoy claims that Elizabethans pictured the order of the universe as a â€Å"great chain of being† that places Gods and kings at the top while relegating lowborn humans and inanimate objects to the bottom of the hierarchy (King). Shakespeare makes it evident in the first lines of the play that the natural order of the world has been disrupted. As the tempest unrelentingly tosses and heaves the ship, the pas sengers fall into havoc as the boatswain cries out, â€Å"What care these roarers for the name of the king? To the cabin! Silence! Trouble us not!† (I.i.16-18). The social hierarchy here is reversed because the kings and nobles are receiving orders from the seamen. This disorder is the consequence of Prospero’s use of magic. Because Ariel’s magical actions are Prospero’s own bidding, Prospero assumes a God-like role, a position far beyond the scope of human faculty. After he casts off his magical robes and â€Å"drown[s] his book† (V.i.57), the order of the universe is restored. Prospero regains his humanity and takes his rightful place as Duke of Milan. While Prospero’s use of Ariel may be considered white magic, Prospero also makes use of a darker kind of magic. By absorbing the magic of Sycorax, the former keeper of the island, he was able assume complete dominion over the island. Prospero uses this black magic to imprison Ari el as well as to torture Caliban, sending spirits to â€Å"mow and chatter at [him], / And after bite [him]† (II.ii.9-10). Prospero stole this black magic, which is associated with the island, from Caliban, the son of Sycorax, preventing him from taking control of the island, which is rightfully his. Regardless of whether he uses white or dark magic, Prospero causes a disruption of natural order by wielding power not suited for humans. He â€Å"steals† Ariel’s and Caliban’s magic and by doing so, sucks away their essence and vitality. By absorbing the magical elements of Ariel and Caliban, he assumes their shape and character and thus disrupts â€Å"the great chain of being.†Shakespeare has already made an effort to unify Caliban and Ariel with the character of Prospero, but he takes an extra step to create an ironic portrayal of Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel as the Holy Trinity. Prospero, taking on the role of God, gives grace and forgives the sinners Alonso and Antonio. Caliban, who was born of the devil through a witch, is a sharp ironic contrast to Christ who was born of God through a virgin mother. Caliban’s cry of pain â€Å"Do not torment me!† (II.ii.55) echoes Christ’s cry on the cross: â€Å"Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani† (Matthew 27:46), which means â€Å"My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?† (USCCB). Ariel clearly represents the Holy Spirit. Prospero calls Ariel â€Å"My brave spirit† (I.ii.206), so Ariel is the spirit of Prospero just as the Holy Spirit is the spirit of God. In contrast to the Holy Spirit who represents wisdom, understanding, right judgment, and courage, Ariel is merely a one-dimensional entity desiring nothing but freedom. In The Tempest, Shakespeare creates a false Trinity, one that is wicked and inharmonious. The severance of this unholy triumvirate when Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel go their separate ways correlates with Prospero’s dismissal of all of Caliban’s and Ariel’s characteristics that he has previously adopted.How then could Prospero possibly embody both Caliban and Ariel, who are blatant foils of each other? In the play, Prospero often exhibits a contradictory nature, suggesting that Prospero could perhaps exhibit qualities of Caliban and Ariel simultaneously. At the beginning of the play, the cruel Prospero castigates the faithful Ariel who wants to be freed early: â€Å"Before the time be out? No more!† (I.ii.246). The audience then witnesses Prospero’s transmogrification from an abusive and fiendish master to a benevolent and compassionate one. He asks Ariel to perform a few other tasks and â€Å"after two days / [he] will discharge [Ariel]† (299-300). It makes little sense for Prospero to chastise Ariel with over fifty lines only to end with an expression of benevolence requires of Ariel only two more days of servitude.In search of his identity, Prospero n avigates between the characters of Caliban and Ariel but ultimately finds freedom by reverting to his human self: â€Å"Now my charms are all o’erthrown, / And what strength I have’s mine own, / Which is most faint† (Epilogue, 1-2). At the end of the play, Prospero surrenders his power and no longer identifies with either Caliban or Ariel. The bond between Prospero and the two native inhabitants of the island begins to fade away as Prospero speaks the epilogue, humbling himself before the audience and admitting his own vulnerability. Now that he has removed his magical garments and stripped himself of any attachment to island, his humanity stands in full nakedness before the audience. He no longer chooses to cloak his weaknesses through his associations with Caliban and Ariel, but instead entreats the audience for clemency so that he may be freed from his faults. Works Citedâ€Å"Empedocles.† The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. James Fies er. 2001 Janko, Richard. â€Å"Catharis.† Introduction to Aristotle’s Poetics. 1987 King, Don. â€Å"Significant Ideas of the 17th Century.† Montreat College. 26 Dec. 2002. â€Å"Matthew 27.† New American Bible. USCCB. 9 Dec. 2002 Parker, Patricia. Officer Hours. 6 Mar. 2003.Riggs, David. â€Å"The Tempest.† Stanford University Introduction to the Humanities, Stanford. 5 Feb. 2003.Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Ed. Peter Holland. New York: Penguin, 1999.â€Å"Spirit.† Oxford English Dictionary. Online Ed. 2003 .