Property takings via regulations Example

Essays on Property takings via regulations Article Property takings via regulations The source is reliable because it contains necessary characteristics that a trusted source should have. For example, the author has included a bibliography to indicate the source of the information contained in the article. In addition, the author has used correct citations throughout the article. This is fundamental because it notifies the reader of the absence of biased ideas that the author may possess. The source acknowledges succinct resources that act as evidence for arguments and any statistical information. Although the article originates from a journal from an unreliable URL, the author’s arguments and the confirmation of existing information provides fundamental facts for a reliable source (Milke 19). The thesis of the article is evident in the introductory and conclusion part of the article. It is about the issue of reimbursement and assets expropriation in Canada. Unusable property prevails in the country since the laws, traditions plus court decisions do not eliminate the expropriation threat posed to owners of land and other assets. For main takings, the ruling can douse the entire value of the asset. Partial takings arise due to decisions that concern an asset such as land that is in the process of devaluation (Milke 19). According to the article, Canada restricts reimbursements that concern regulatory takings making it different from other states. Canada records a low property protection for her citizens when compared to other EU states. EU states, except Canada possess proper protection clauses for land plus other property. Canada has deprived laws for safeguarding her inhabitants against expropriation (Milke 19). The practice might continue because the law in Canada does not have sufficient grounds capable of containing the practice. The court decisions arising from controversies in property ownership tend to support the issue of property confiscation by the government. Although the condition has prevailed for long, there lacks succinct laws both from the government and non- governmental organization that support the formation of laws that protect the public from expropriation. The country continues with her practice that restricts reimbursements for dogmatic takings. In regard to the major takings, the law indicates that owners of such assets must indicate eliminations of the entire utilizations of property (Milke 19). The law requires a person having accusations of regulatory taking to provide proper information regarding the action. For a taking to be valid, there must be sufficient information indicating it benefits to the person or organization involved in the practice. The Canadian sta te does not possess a strong a strong commission of human rights like in Europe thus; the country must remain with her practice (Milke 21). If the government were to impart changes in their practices, the general public who are property owners will win. They will have protection of their property from undesired regulatory takings. They will not have to occupy themselves by presenting their suits to courts because the changes will result to an appropriate law understood by all. The government will be the looser because there will be no benefits resulting from these acquisitions. Usually, such acquisitions are useful for agricultural purpose or government constructions such as roads (Milke 22). Works cited Milke, Mark. Stealth confiscation: Property takings via regulation. Vancouver: Fraser institute. 2012. Print.

Catholic Response to Reformation Free Essays

4. What were the responses of the Catholic authorities in the 16th century to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation? The demand to reform the Roman Catholic Church stretched on for ages. Many people, such as Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Jan Hus criticized the church for its worldliness and believed that one didn’t need direction from the Church, but just needed to read the Bible for guidance. We will write a custom essay sample on Catholic Response to Reformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was from these men that Martin Luther came to the conclusion that faith alone would lead to salvation and you didn’t need to work for it. Martin Luther appealed to Pope Leo X to correct the abuses of the Church. When that didn’t work, he rallied the people to follow him. His beliefs spread through German states and most of Northern Europe. In response, the Catholic Church assembled the Council of Trent, which defined the Catholic religion and reformed the abuses of the Catholic Church. The Church also established the Jesuits, who spread the Catholic teachings during the Lutheran Reformation. Finally, the Church employed many policing tactics against the Lutheran Reformation. These responses kept Catholicism a major religion in Europe. Although the conciliar movement was ended by Pope Pius II around the 1450s, the people during the Lutheran Reformation were calling for a general council of the church. Charles the V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain, tried to persuade the Pope to assemble a council because he hope that the church would fix some of the abuses, thus stop people from converting to Lutheranism. However, Francis I, King of France, actively promoted the Protestants in Germany, even though France is a Catholic country. He did this because Charles V’s land surrounded France. He wanted Germany to be in a state of argument so that it would be too weak to be a threat to France. While Francis II did this, he also used his influence in Rome to call off any assembly of a council because it would expose the flaws of the Roman Catholic Church. In time, the King of France lost and a council was called to reform the abuses of the Church and establish a statement of the Catholic religion. It began deliberations in 1545 in Trent, in the Alpine border between Germany and Italy. The Council of Trent reaffirmed many beliefs of the Catholic religion such as it justified that faith and works led to salvation, transubstantiation, purgatory, and the celibacy of the clergy. The council of Trent also declared reforms in monastic orders. It called to correct the abuses of indulgence while at the same time upholding the principle. It also called for bishops to take more responsibilities in their administrative control over their clergy and to make sure they were properly taking care of their own duties. The Council also wanted competent men running their churches, so they set up seminaries to educate the priests. The decrees of the Council of Trent would have been obsolete if it wasn’t from a new religious seriousness within the Catholic Church. There was much hatred toward the Roman clergy, as shown by the sack of Rome in 1527, where German and Spanish soldiers looted Rome, killed thousands, captured the Pope. Moralist began to speak and there words were heard. New popes, starting with Pope Paul III, regarded his office as a religious force to reform the church. New religious orders were founded on the basis of the new Catholic faith. The Jesuits, the most famous of these orders; it was founded by a Spaniard named St. Ignatius Loyola. He had a religious experience in 1521, when he was a child before hearing of Luther, and wanted to become a soldier of the church. On this experience, he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Authorized by Pope Paul III in 1540, the Jesuits were an order less attached to the clergy and more actively involved in the affairs of the world. They believe the Roman Church was a divine institution, and all members had to take a pledge to obey the Pope. The Jesuits were some of the most famous educators of the Catholic world, with around 500 schools in the upper and middle classes. They combined the faith and religious teachings of the Catholic Church with the etiquette teachings that a gentleman should have. The Jesuits also brought into their teachings the Renaissance humanism found in the Latin classics. The Jesuits were not only teachers of the Catholic religion, but they also acted as a missionary force. They recruited members from all over Europe, especially in areas that were still disputed over which religion to choose. After the initial burst of Protestantism faded, many people wanted to return to the Catholic religion, especially when the Council of Trent corrected the most obvious abuses of the Church. The Jesuits reconverted most of these people in the areas of Germany, Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary. They also recruited from countries that already turned Protestant, like England, where their goal was to stop Queen Elizabeth I because they believed that the universal church was more important than national independence in religion. The Catholic Church not only reformed and spread its teachings across Europe, but the Church set up laws and police to enforce the Catholic religion. Many books were censored by the Catholic Church. They were trying to suppress the knowledge of â€Å"heretics†, the Protestants, from the people. The Pope had a list published by the Pope called the Papal Index of Prohibited Books. Only individuals with special permission were able to study these books. There were many establishments that enforced the Church’s rules. None was more dreaded than the Spanish and Papal Inquisitions. Although the Spanish Inquisition was originally established to drive out the Jews and the Muslims, it was introduced to all the Spanish-ruled countries in Europe. It was employed against the Protestant movement in the Netherlands. The Papal Inquisition was established in 1514, under the Holy Office, a permanent committee of cardinals. To Rome, it was a revival of a famous medieval tribunal for the detection and repression of heresy. Both of these Inquisitions employed torture for various tasks. Torture was used for heresy or employed on any person charged with a crime, whether it was in civil and ecclesiastical court. The Spanish Inquisition was harsher than the Papal Inquisition in terms of punishment, people were often burned alive and the Papal Inquisition was all about protecting the faith in all parts of the Catholic world. In 1560, the major powers in Europe were declared Catholic countries, like France, Spain, and Austria. All the countries that turned to Protestantism were very small countries like the German states and the Scandinavian kingdoms in the north. The biggest Protestant nation was England, but England was still small compared to France and Spain. The reason why Protestantism did not spread is because of the tactics the Catholic Church employed against the Lutheran Reformation. The Council of Trent, the Jesuits, and the police commissions like the Inquisition all helped halt the teachings of Martin Luther and convinced the people to believe in the newer and better Catholic Church. How to cite Catholic Response to Reformation, Essay examples

Strategic Plan Social Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Plan for Social Marketing. Answer: Introduction The implications of social media in sustainable operations of any business house is essential I nature. Listing as one of the most reputed nongovernmental organization globally, Oxfam Australia have influenced and implanted many programs and provisions in its long running operations. The contribution of this nonprofit organization in serving to the society has been immense. Oxfam Australia asserts in their Annual Financial Report that they want to employ the youth for a wider reach in improving the social ailments of the society (Australia Oxfam, 2017). Academic Literature Supporting the Cause The integration of social media as a marketing strategy is a very potent factor for any organization. In terms of the chosen case, Media, Margins and Civic Agency have evidences of the need for the innovative program of involving the youngsters in the activities of Oxfam (Newman, 2016). It can be resourcefully mediated through the advantageous voice of the youth in empowering and aiding the marginalized (Butler Wilson, 2015). The concept of Company Social Responsibility is not an obligation for nongovernmental organizations like Oxfam rather an important aspect of their role in the society. The socially relevant institutions should make optimum use of social media, by enabling its maximum agents, the youth. There must be specific plans and systematic process that enhances this involvement into successful implementation (Cheung, 2015). A strategy must follow the ideology which has been devised for fruitful cause and effect scenario. Campaign Focus Oxfam Australia has been involved in organizing several activities that are equally interactive and impactful (Australia Oxfam, 2017). The campaign focus selected for the social marketing scenario in this case is the collaboration of individuals as administrators and volunteer who shall actively take part in creating and enabling the a cooperative society. The main objectives of the campaign determine the set goals towards achieving sustainable environment. Social media can be harmoniously used for accelerating social awareness and concerns for the environment and the society (Cooper, 2015). The young minds shall be encouraged to participate in helping the less privileged as they are the take cares of the future generations to arrive. A long term plan like this has to be acknowledged among the young group of people so that the desired results can be achieved within a limited period of time. The plan highlights on specified and meaningful concern to cause a change rather than any mere social work (Butler Wilson, 2015). S.W.O.T Analysis While formulating any special concern governing strategies, the business decisions must include several factors that work for it and simultaneously against it (Newman, 2016). This analysis is very necessary for the validation of the suggested campaign. Therefore the calculated strength of this campaign must feature a socially driven attitude. Optimization acts as the strength of this campaign (Uldam, 2016). Each participant must be allotted to a certain task and they must be allowed to understand the grave importance of the whole scenario for causing a global impact. An attempt as massive as this must be followed with challenges of meeting the requirements at right point of time which can be ascertained as one the weakness for this plan (Uldam, 2016). There are maximum chances of opportunity which are resourceful in catalyzing through this innovative campaign. There are also functional dilemmas about the outreach of social media marketing as it can also be reused for malicious practi ces by the youth. This marketing assessment should also look after the concerning threats that arise while conducting the campaigns as execution is a huge task which must be controlled and properly propagated in order to stay safe from the threats(Cooper, 2015). Powerful groups and organizations often cause huge threats in order to safeguard their profit maximization techniques which can be acted against the introducing a volunteer and administrator campaign. Justification of an appropriate target market Any contemporary business strategies operate on a specific set of framework. The prevalent marketing strategy considers social media as a great source for influencing the sales and revenues. Even while conducting a socially relevant campaign it is necessary to meet the target audience (Newman, 2016). It would absolutely be of no use if there are no considerable responses generated from this campaign. The appropriate target markets for this campaign are the school students and majorly the graduates who are on the verge of causing about a huge change in the social structure. Campaigns can be conducted in school premises and the curriculum should involve these actions of care and compassion towards one another. In a world of increasing violence and intolerance, this campaign aims at enhancing the social unity in caring for another human being rather than being self centered (Butler Wilson, 2015). The initiative has an appropriate strategy to follow, with kids ranging from 14-19 years a s their cognitive development begins at this age which can be influenced for accomplishing betterment and reconciliation with different elements of the society. The target has been justified in the sense that it is necessary for involving the young kids who are obsessed with using social media networks. This can be effectively used for initiating and executing the campaign that as social effectiveness will help in generating swift information and images (Uldam, 2016). The resources of social media and the internet are useful in this campaign as the power of virtual networks and association is undeniably strong. Instances of any social events, trending within a few seconds though the use of Twitter, Facebook and Instagram are evidences that rightly justifies the use of this specific target market for the suggested phenomenon to take place successfully (Australia Oxfam, 2017). Product In case of a product based innovation by various companies, the description and utility is essential to mention to the audience to influence their desire to purchase the product. In a scenario like this the manipulation process would not work as the genuine need to support the less privileged must derive from ones moral compass (Cooper, 2015). It is partially a personal conscience and emotional based recognition which is necessary for this proposal. There can be many prospects which have been attached to the development of understanding and empathy within the aspiring students. Place and Distribution The place and distribution varies according to the priority and the needs for social change. There must be equal opportunities for all types of students irrespective of their race and culture and codes. The activities can be incorporated in their curriculum or as part of their extracurricular structure (Newman, 2016). Group activities can be assigned where the participants can involve in demonstrating or visiting relief camps and helps the victims of any natural disaster. The age old adage of charity beginning at home is no longer applicable in the broader sense where everyone must share the responsibility and care for the environment along with other minority groups. Promotion There are two types of promotions which can be used for effective planning and incorporation of the said campaign. Internal concepts like advertisements through media outlets is the traditional process and external concepts like word of mouth or mutual association groups can also help in promoting the innovative technique (Australia Oxfam, 2017).Interested participants can be influenced through a number of lucrative offers and presents with kit bags, books, or recharge because one needs to raise the best of the interest through all available means (Cooper, 2015). The promotional activity for the campaigns must use social media as one of the important techniques for wider reach. This is very important as devising the best minds and innovative minds at works can function through this. Existing volunteers can effectively be involved in the whole scenario and help in administering the practices while regulating the functions and responsibilities of effective holistic social work (Uldam, 2016). Attention Grabbing Message The attention grabbing message acts as the face of the campaign. It represents the main inertia which will help in generating the best Social Media Marketing campaign for involving the youth of Australia. The preference and likes of the target audience of this campaign can account for grabbing their attention to the reforms and works that Oxfam deals with (Australia Oxfam, 2017). It often engages trail walks, celebrating historical event or reading sessions and visits to the ethnological communities and celebrating their culture which harness equality and bonding. It should hold awareness programs and include campaigns by offering the students with short term internships in their summer vacations which can be very effective (Newman, 2016). Evaluating Effectiveness of the Campaign The effectiveness that can be drawn from evaluating the campaign is the most important criteria which must be retained (Cooper, 2015). Capturing on the popularity of the recurrent trends can turn out to be very promising and help in achieving the framework of the recommended campaign. The students and participants can develop an insight and learning outcome of the existing scenario of the campaign with a positive objective. The necessary changes and developments that are yet to be brought about in the execution of constructive provisions by indulging the graduate and also young professionals can be undertaken as the effectiveness of the program (Australia Oxfam, 2017). Conclusion The agenda to include such a campaign in prospect of Oxfam Australia will definitely help in the near future. The need to create an environment where the young generations can be responsible for their assessment is very evocative. Driving a force of inspiring and enthusiastic individuals to care for the society is no easy job. The assessments and reports observed in the Oxfam Strategic Plan Outcome developed many loopholes or the challenges which came in the way of eradicating poverty, imparting literacy, or empowering the minority groups. In accordance to the legacy of Oxfam Australia it must address all the issues that directly or indirectly affect the decided campaign. Primarily the business analytics must involve the situations which will include the probable possibilities and effectiveness. The decided campaign will help in promoting social good and also encourage other firms and people to employ it in their respective fields or concerns. Reference Australia, O. (2015). Oxfam Australia Strategic Plan Outcomes Report of three Strategic Plan Goals. Australia, O. (2017). About us | Oxfam Australia. Oxfam Australia. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Cheung, M., 2016. Using the Power of Social Consciousness to Influence International Organizations and their Evolving Leadership: The Impact of Social Media on the Public Health Debate.J. Health Biomed. L.,12, pp.169-217. Cooper, G., 2015. Unlocking the Gate? How NGOs Mediate the Voices of the Marginalised in a Social Media Context. InMedia, Margins and Civic Agency(pp. 29-42). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M. D., Mascarenhas, O. A. (2013). Word of mouse: CSR communication and the social media.International Management Review,9(1), 58. Margetts, H., John, P., Hale, S. and Yasseri, T., 2015.Political turbulence: how social media shape collective action. Princeton University Press. McPherson, E., 2015. Advocacy organizations evaluation of social media information for NGO journalism: The evidence and engagement models.American Behavioral Scientist,59(1), pp.124-148. Newman, T.P., 2016. Tracking the release of IPCC AR5 on Twitter: Users, comments, and sources following the release of the Working Group I Summary for Policymakers.Public Understanding of Science, p.0963662516628477. Ngai, E. W., Moon, K. L. K., Lam, S. S., Chin, E. S., Tao, S. S. (2015). Social media models, technologies, and applications: an academic review and case study.Industrial Management Data Systems,115(5), 769-802. Schweitzer, L. (2014). Planning and social media: a case study of public transit and stigma on Twitter.Journal of the American Planning Association,80(3), 218-238. Tapia, A. H., Moore, K. (2014). Good enough is good enough: Overcoming disaster response organizations slow social media data adoption.Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW),23(4-6), 483-512. Uldam, J. (2016). Corporate management of visibility and the fantasy of the post-political: Social media and surveillance.new media society,18(2), 201-219.

The South African Regime From 1910 Through 1994 Essays -

The South African Regime From 1910 Through 1994 The South Africa which was born in 1910 included people from Africa, Europe and Asia, and the system of government was modeled on the common law of the Netherlands, supplemented by modern English law. In many respects, this new country was a compromise. It would acquire two official languages (Afrikaans and English); three capitals (an administrative capital, Pretoria; a legislative capital, Cape Town and a judicial capital, Bloemfontein); and the symbols of the state would reflect the union of Afrikaans and English-speaking whites. While the new state had a democratic form, with a few controversial exceptions, only whites enjoyed the vote. For virtually the whole of its history therefore, politics has been practiced on a whites only basis. Therefore, when looking closely at the system and attempting to place the government in a category, I would create a new category summarized as a selectively democratic regime. White interests obviously shaped public policy. Spending on areas like education, pensions, health and housing, has greatly favored whites, who were clearly the major beneficiaries of the system. In addition, discrimination and injustice inflicted upon black South Africans have largely shaped the present political system. Black South Africans played virtually no part in the founding of the Union of South Africa. This was to be the start of a long and inspiring resistance to minority political rule that culminated some 85 years later in South Africas first truly democratic elections. Political protest began in 1909 when a delegation of blacks unsuccessfully petitioned the British parliament against approving the countrys independence constitution with its color bar. Some two years later in 1912, the largest black political organization, the African National Congress was founded. Blacks pursued moderate goals during the 1920s and 1930s and were then largely reliant on white liberals to achieve their aims. The basis for racial segregation, the offshoot of the policy of self-determination was the Population Registration Act of 1950. What followed was a now infamous collection of apartheid legislation that sought to segregate whites, coloreds, blacks and Asians from each other in all spheres of life and activity. Black resistance to apartheid was encouraged by an increasingly critical United Nations, the birth of the civil rights movement in the United States and the growing pressures for de-colonization and independence in the former European colonies of Africa and Asia. Rather than give in to increasing pressure, the Verwoerd government responded by accelerating the homeland policy in terms of which black South Africans were denied citizenship of white areas and were expected to exercise their political rights in designated traditional tribal areas. By 1970, in terms of a law, every South African black became a citizen of one of the ten homelands thereby excluding blacks from the South African body politics. This maintains the democratic regime of South Africa for the white citizens, and forces the black citizens out of any political realm. Afrikaner Nationalists had devised apartheid in a way of satisfying black aspirations without loosing political control. It was a response that failed for economic reasons. Given the nature of the economy, the natural movement of people to the cities could not be stopped, and in due course the major pillars of apartheid had to be scrapped. In 1983, Botha introduced a new constitution, which would incorporate the colored and Asian communities into government but only on a junior partner basis to whites. Blacks were totally excluded. To address the issue of black political rights, Botha suggested a national advisory council. Blacks rejected this idea and participation in the elections to fill the new colored and Indian chambers of parliament was bitterly opposed. The introduction of the Tri-cameral parliament, with its three chambers for whites, colors, and Asians, greatly politicized the colored and Indian community. Not only was the new system opposed for its exclusion of blacks, it also was condemned for the way it institutionalized racial groups within the constitution of the country. So, although it manages to maintain a certain skeleton of a democratic regime, this government only applies to certain individuals in the nation, therefore not truly following the democratic ideology. Botha himself probably accepted this, but believed that he could maintain white control