Community Development in Cultu essays

Community Development in Cultu essays The Department of Culture and the Arts is committed to providing services to communities throughout the State. This is to ensure that all states have access to quality arts activities, cultural experiences and information services. The arts are not the problem, they are the solution. And this is because the arts nurture one of the most important valuable natural resources any country has. It is the creativeness and innovation that has brought into existence the society in which we now live. It remains an undiscovered source of energy and many communities are working to unleash this untapped natural resource. Rural genius has been raised and nurtured in rural and small communities and the arts have been a vital part of this. Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Protecting intellectual property rights (IPR) is increasingly linked to national security due to organized crime networks' participation in lucrative counterfeiting and piracy schemes, says a top State Department official. It has been said by some agencies that the protection of intellectual property rights has identified that this as a serious and growing risk, and called for intellectual property crimes to be treated more seriously by governments around the globe. The pirating of trademarked or patented products offers high earnings at a relatively low risk. The potential for illicit profits, combined with weak legal and law enforcement regimes in many countries, creates "a situation that invites organized crime and other actors to step in. In this sense, we see cracking down on intellectual property theft as part of our response to the new set of national security challenges we face as a nation. Freedom of expression is one of the most fundamental rights that individuals enjoy. It is fundamental to the existence of democracy and the respect of human dignity. It is also one of the most dangerous rights, because freedom of expression means the freedom to express one...

Personal and Professional Footprint Essay

Personal and Professional Footprint Essay Personal and Professional Footprint Essay One question that troubles the world’s environment-sensitive populace is what is their ecological footprint is having on the environment. Awareness on how much the world’s population impacts on the environment remains minimal as over the years, humans have opted for processes that strain the planet’s resources. This has had tremendous negative implications to the environment. Pollution, depletion of fundamental natural resources and diminishing plant and animal biodiversity are all becoming more and more evident (Collins, et al, 2008). Consequently, I have come to question myself of how my presence especially as an ecological being impact on the environment. Two aspects of my life reveal a lot on my contribution towards an unsustainable environment. These aspects include consumption and profession. Consumption is significantly pertinent to my ecological footprint as this is evident in my daily routines. The extent that I consume earth’s resources as an individual largely affects the environment around me. Most of my daily endeavors have a negative impact on the planet. For instance, I happen to purchase groceries which are packaged in plastic bags so often that I imagined what would happen if everyone packaged their groceries in paper bags as opposed to plastic bags. Ideally, the number of trees cut down would significantly reduce and this would in turn contribute towards sustaining the planet’s resources. Moreover, waste materials from of plastic bags are harmful to the environment on so many levels. Taking in to account the immense number of plastic bags used on a daily basis, a significant amount of waste from these plastic bags is created. The reality is this waste is usually disposed off in ways that harm the environment. My personal association with the environment is proof enough that human involvement towards global warming is certain. Global warming, a major concern in the modern world, is primarily induced my individual actions as much as it is stimulated by large scale parties such as factories and other production entities. For instance, being a woman, normal morning habits entail use of hairsprays, spraying of deodorants among other aerosols. Further, use of shaving cream and application of many other cleaning agents is common with many people. These habits have become not just part of my daily schedule but also part of many other peoples’ daily routine. These household products that are used on a daily basis were thought to be environmentally friendly in the 1930s as they were considered non-toxic therefore safe to the environment. On the contrary, recent studies conducted after the 1970s indicate that everyday actions entailing use of these items significantly affect the environment ( Morris Parry, 2011). For starters, aerosols have the potential of causing damage to the atmosphere. Atmospheric concentration caused by release of various gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and halocarbons act as trapping agents of thermal energy resulting to a green house effect. Green house effect causes global warming and over the past few decades, human activities that entail release of the mentioned gases have been drastically increasing (Collins, et al, 2008). On a personal note, I would imagine the extent of damage I have caused to the earth’s surface as unimaginable leave alone that caused by many other people whose morning routines are somewhat similar across the globe. Despite the many changes that have been made on the contents of everyday products such as aerosols and hairsprays, going by my ecological understanding, my application of such items considerably result to extensive damage to the environment. Professionally, as an environmental woman, I can deductively acknowledge that human-induced global warming is a reality. Most human activities are backed by a section of wealthy individuals are interested in processes that translate to profits rather than safeguarding the environment (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 2004). This group of people has managed to convince more and more people into believing that human activities are not attributable to environmental degradation. On the contrary, human have always influenced the climate and the environment. An example is illustrated in my profession as a social worker. My company deals with production of numerous print documents such as brochures as well as electronic messages which become obsolete within a short time. Additionally, most electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones used by the company workers are left on at most times even when not in use therefore leading to mass wastage of limited resources. On average, the amount of paper and electricity wasted by our firm only can overtime put a significant amount of strain on the few forests and inadequate water resources available. Essentially, my professional background and my consumption behavior somewhat inter-relate. Both largely influence the ecological footprint I have on the planet. Th anks to my profession, I am more aware of the hazardous nature of human consumption behaviors and its impact on the environment. As an ecological human, I am therefore capable of transitioning my behaviors to a more ecologically aware standing. For instance, I can now see the importance of using paper bags in place of plastic bags. Additionally, I can now understand why it is important to use environmentally friendly personal effects as even use of aerosols and the like at a personal level also impacts on earth’s planet. Moreover, I am more informed on which processes within the firm I work for can be changed to avoid wastage of resources while at the same time, save the company on costs that should not be incurred. A significant role of sustaining both the climate and the ecosystem going into the future is played by humans. My profession as an environmentalist has predominantly helped sustain the planet. For example, I am more aware of the effects of human activities on the environment. I am no longer in denial that earth’s climate as well as environment is downgraded by human activities. Consequently, I have transitioned to become more susceptible towards the environment. In addition, I am a strong proponent of the war against adverse economic implications on the planet’s resources so as to leave a mark in the fight towards sustaining the planet’s environment. Human induced environmental degradation is evident and awareness of human implications on the environment is non-reassuring. Many people still remain skeptic on human involvement towards environmental deprivation. A lot of awareness needs to be performed so as to sensitize more people about the issue. According to a study by George Mason University (2009), the media more specifically television, plays a minimal role in increasing environmental awareness. According to the report, television was found to be the least media platform that impacted on viewers’ knowledge concerning the issue of global warming and environmental dilapidation. Surprisingly, less common media platforms such as the print media and the internet were found to be more influential as compared to television in informing people of the true impact of carbon emissions to the atmosphere and its implications on global warming (Concordia University, 2009). Most people who do not have first-hand understanding of glo bal warming learn of the hazards of human activities through the internet and newspapers. Public interest in this sphere of influence is merely influenced by watching television. This reality is shocking as one would expect watching television to have more impact on sensitizing people about the effects of human activities on the environment. On a daily basis, millions of people watch television. Therefore, it would be more sensible if these numbers of viewers gained some form of concern of the environment. If people would become sensitized about human involvement in environmental degradation through television and subsequently get enlightened on ways of reducing their contribution in the issue, tremendous steps towards sustaining the planet would be made. In my opinion, televisions can be used to increase peoples’ perceived knowledge of environmental degradation. This could be achieved through ensuring contents displayed on this platform positively highlight the situation on the ground. For example, in addition to serving as an entertainment tool, television sets can be used to perform educational functions. Reforms should be made to increase the effectiveness of this unexploited source of information as this would increase awareness which would in turn convince populations across the world to become ecological. Undoubtedly, efforts towards sustaining the environment can only be feasible when many people come together and work towards ensuring the planet is conserved. Through awareness, strategies that aim towards sustaining the environment can be implemented with more ease. Feel free to buy an essay on this popular topic at writing service. You will get a 100% original custom essay written from scratch!

Are americans overtaxed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Are americans overtaxed - Essay Example In the book ‘Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Political Issues’, the authors George McKenna and Stanley Feingold have adopted a very good approach to dealing with many of the issues that are the subject of frequent political and public debates. After giving a brief explanation, they attach articles and writings from thinkers and essayists about the issues- one taking a ‘pro’ or positive stance and the other taking a ‘con’ or negative view point of the same issue. In this way by reading about the issue from both sides we become more informed not only about the issue at hand but the reasons why some people are in favor of it while others are against it. We begin to understand the whole issue better by looking at its different aspects, their dimensions and its effects. Writing in favor of less taxation, in his piece called ‘Seven Myths About Taxing the Rich’ (McKenna & Feingold, 222), Curtis Dubay says that President Obama wants to raise the upper two tax brackets from 33 and 35 percent to 36 and 39.6 percent respectively, thereby impacting their after tax incomes or returns on investment. Dubay argues that there is a need to lower taxes across the board and do away with special tax benefits that serve the rich. But that is only one aspect of the problem. If we have to spend millions of dollars on the War on Terror in Afghanistan and Iraq, it will continue pushing our expenses and debt levels sky high. So it makes no sense to tax hard working Americans while those in Congress make the wrong decisions about spending. We will need to rein back on needless spending and put in some more austerity measures on a personal level where politicians need to lead by their own example. Writing in favor of taxing the rich more, Steve Brouwer states in ‘If We Decided to Tax the Rich’ (McKenna & Feingold, 228) that over the years, there has been a

DATA ANALYSIS PORTFOLIO OF WORK - Working Party Forum Questionnaire Essay

DATA ANALYSIS PORTFOLIO OF WORK - Working Party Forum Questionnaire Canteen and Staff shop - Essay Example It is at this forum where members approve the report and dividend, scrutinize the budget and make suggestion on how to improve services offered by the canteen. As part of social welfare arrangement, the canteen strives to provide a cheap alternative feeding programme to employees on duty. However, profitability is a key requirement as it a collective investment. People engage in business ventures to make profit although it is not important that you realize profit yearly (Stephen 2011). To boost sales and increase profits, the committee proposed to members to allow it starts selling hot food and open a staff shop during a working party forum held on 23rd December, 2011. As a tradition, such new venture is subjected to research after which the members deliberate and acts on findings and recommendations of the report. To this end, the committee sought my services in conducting a survey on the proposal with core intention of finding out the opinion of workforce regarding the proposals. B esides, the study had the following objectives: To gauge the support for or against hot food and staff shop To determine appropriate time for serving hot food To determine the cost likely to be incurred by staff buying hot food To find out the preferred type of hot food and other categories To establish the time to open the shop and commodities to sell COLLECTION OF DATA The random sampling technique was used to select a representative population. In random sampling individuals are picked from study population based on chance (Leonard and Leonard 2009). This technique ensured that each employee has an equal chance of taking part in the survey and therefore not biased. The sample was deemed to be a true representative of the population because in this method the process of coming up with a sample was based on probability and not predetermined. The employees were assigned numbers 1 to 510 according to the way the names appear in the payroll. The numbers were keyed in online sampling s oftware called randomizer (randomizer.org), which generated 142 unique numbers. The numbers were matched with payroll numbers to select employees who represented the other workers in the survey. The following numbers were generated by randomizer: 290, 133, 42, 201, 181, 175, 369, 431, 39, 239, 445, 2, 150, 296, 67, 8, 6, 387, 308, 167, 25, 90, 444, 408, 266, 203, 208, 292, 1, 122, 97, 284, 101, 477, 34, 92, 93, 85, 155, 457, 193, 301, 306, 396, 79, 191, 270, 246, 38, 162, 134, 354, 96, 437, 390, 264, 281, 27, 447, 209, 169, 412, 501, 194, 312, 21, 280, 195, 158, 176, 83, 46, 33, 388, 438, 410, 110, 368, 321, 50, 329, 365, 115, 434, 339, 318, 479, 17, 88, 508, 229, 61, 361, 440, 95, 156, 343, 311, 424, 382, 331, 421, 327, 124, 154, 373, 453, 187, 330, 493, 397, 200, 293, 372, 336, 119, 126, 407, 159, 47, 143, 87, 254, 89, 4, 459, 64, 15, 358, 392, 252, 225, 65, 400, 352, 462, 433, 500, 232, 30, 40, 230. The employees corresponding to a selected number were given questionnaire to fill and then return it to Forum Representative within 7 days. Out of 142 questionnaires issued, 123 were returned to the committee. As the researcher, I scrutinized the filled questionnaires and accepted 114 to be used for analytical purpose. This number translates to 22.4% response rate corresponding to 8.1% error margin at 95% confidence level. This figure was calculated using online application (surveysystem.com) by feeding the sample size and required confidence

A Characters View, Drugstore Cowboy Essay Example for Free

A Characters View, Drugstore Cowboy Essay One page essay for Theater 19 acting class Due March 13 2012 By Charles (Chuck) Borges March 13th 5:30am This short essay is about a character in the film â€Å"Drugstore Cowboy† Bob. This is what I think his character is like, and what’s going on in his life before this next scene. Bob is a ringleader or mastermind of an underdeveloped group of drug store robbing addicts who Procure their vices by stealing them from local pharmacies. Bob likes doing drugs. He likes the whole lifestyle. While in the proses of robbing these establishments, Bob gets a euphoric Sense of power. The adrenalin rush is like no other. He risks going to jail, and losing his Freedom to obtain that rush at any expense. As long as it doesn’t come out of pocket. You see, Bob is a poor man He’s a hype that can shoot up enough dope to kill a horse. But that was then, and this is now. As he sits and ponders his mass confusion that he Called a life, in a small room, in some apartment complex, ran by a person like himself. An X Junkie named Tom. To say the last six months have been easy on Bob would be a lie. Sobriety Is kicking his ass and He’s starting to feel bored and becoming restless at work. Not a good sign. The daily grind was starting to bore into Bob like a drill bit. The addiction was winning its way Back into his life and he knew it. Bob’s life was better now. He has his boring job, boring apartment, boring life. But all in all, a respectable existence, surrounded by regular people with regular, Similar lives. But he’s still feeling alone and thinking of the good times he used to have with a Certain somebody he shared his tawdry past with. He’s feeling melancholy about the way he left her, but knowing that deep in his heart , it was the best solution from a destructive path. But still he is wondering to himself ,† I wonder what ever happened to my buddy who’s girlfriend died, and if they will ever find her body . † I’m thinking , he’s wondering â€Å" Is Diane alright?

Importance of Bernard in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Importance of Bernard in Death of a Salesman  Ã‚     Ã‚   All of the characters in the performance Death of a Salesman have special traits that are indicative of their personality and literary purpose in the piece. Each serves a particular purpose and symbolizes distinct goals, functions, or qualities. The author places every character in a specific location to contrast, or emphasize another character’s shortcomings, mistakes, or areas of strength.   For this purpose, Bernard, a character in Death of a Salesman, is placed next to Biff, the protagonist’s son. Biff, is lost in a world created by his dazed father, who instills in him a set of false values, and eventually becomes a failure in his early age. In spite of the fact that Bernard admires Biff and believes he is able to help him prosper, Biff is unable to listen. Bernard also interacts with the protagonist himself, again showing the same traits that are indicative of his character. Bernard, who is a successful student and later a successful attorney, is opposi te the characteristics Biff is taught makes a man great. Our first example of Bernard's character is his interaction with Biff is in Act I, when the reader infers Bernard is tutoring Biff: â€Å"Biff, Listen Biff, I heard Mr.Birnbaum say that if you don’t start studyin’ math he’s gonna flunk you and you won’t graduate. I heard him!" These initial statements, spoken by Bernard, are indicative to the reader of how helpful he tries to be to Biff. He is among the only characters with a sense of reality; the only character that tries to help Biff take concrete, analytical steps to helping him succeed. He understands the consequences of Biff’s actions, and tries to dissuade his directionless ambition towards a more solid goal. â€Å"He’s gotta study Uncle Willy. He’s got regents next week.† â€Å"Just because he printed University of Virginia on his sneakers doesn’t mean they’ve got to graduate him, Uncle Willy.† Once again, this illustrates Bernard is the one of the o nly characters in tune with reality. He cares for Biff and wants to see him graduate. This is why he is constantly pushing Biff to complete his work. As Bernard matures, he continues his modest, responsible attitude towards life. The protagonist himself is confronted with Bernard’s character, and comes to terms with the sudden insight his son is no where near as well off as Bernard, even though they were initially given the same opportunities.

Balance Scorecard Training Essay

Business: Online Personal Training and nutrition plans called Lose the Fat Girl The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic performance management framework that has been designed to help an organization monitor its performance and manage the execution of its strategy. In a recent world-wide study on management tool usage, the Balanced Scorecard was found to be the sixth most widely used management tool across the globe which also had one of the highest overall satisfaction ratings (Pearce & Robinson, 2009). In its simplest form the Balanced Scorecard breaks performance monitoring into four interconnected perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal Processes and Learning & Growth. According to Pearce and Robinson (2009), the financial perspective covers the financial objectives of an organization and allows managers to track financial success and shareholder value. The customer perspective covers the customer objectives such as customer satisfaction, market share goals as well as product and service attributes. The Internal process perspective covers internal operational goals and outlines the key processes necessary to deliver the customer objectives. The learning and growth perspective covers the intangible drivers of future success such as human capital, organizational capital and information capital including skills, training, organizational culture, leadership, systems and databases. Deriving what the company wants to get done starts with looking at why the company was founded in the first place. Basic principles that the company was founded upon helped drive its past to bring it to a successful present, and sustain the future for years to come. Lose the Fat Girl has a great plan to finish out the 2013 fiscal year on a strong note and even going into 2014 on the right foot would be beneficial to the company as a whole. The goals that were accomplished comparing year-over-year figures reveal that we have set goals to increase overall revenue, shareholder value, and capital  interest substantially and our results prove that these were realistic figures that we have set out for ourselves. There was a 30% increase in revenue compared to this time last year. Increases in shareholder value over the past two years of 15% , a steady average gain each year. Customer retention is at 90% and employee turnover is 0% since the company first started. Lose the Fat Girl is committed to developing personalized fitness programs that will motivate, support, and get each individual to their desired fitness goals by using safe and effective training techniques, for guaranteed results. The mission statement indicates that the company wants to touch and change people’s lives because it cares which will keep customers training for longer periods of time. The mission statement creates the foundation and is a reminder of the company’s overall purpose: To change people’s lives for the better. Working out has and always will be a problem for many people around the world. A service like this would allow us to reach people anywhere. This mission statement came about because of the need to help people that work long hours and simply need a little help, or push to get back in to shape by creating a lifestyle. Making training and coaching available to our clients anywhere has made it easier for more people to access our services. Looking at values for the company, we came up with a simple approach that coincides with what our clients ultimately find to be solid values to find in a company they can trust. Forming a strongly rooted client base, strict certification practices being encouraged and mandatory for employees, and even offering products that are going to fit the customer the best way possible are some of the things we encourage. Follow-ups are critical in making sure the client is happy with the services they are receiving at all times. This will continue a strong pipeline of customers for the future, instill confidence in the customer in knowing they are in the best hands possible, and customers ultimately benefit the best way possible in the end. The idea of the balanced scorecard is simple but extremely powerful if implemented well. As long as you use the key ideas to create a unique strategy and visualize it in a cause-and-effect map, align the organization and its processes to the objectives identified in the strategic map, design meaningful key performance indicators (KPI) and use them to facilitate learning and improved decision making you will end up with a powerful tool that should lead to better performance (Pearce &  Robinson, 2009). References Pearce, J.A. II, & Robinson, R.B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Mary Ainsworth

When reading many introductions on the history of psychology it is noticed there are very few females mentioned. That does not mean women are not attributed to making significant impacts in the development of psychology. â€Å"The contributions of many of psychology's most eminent female thinkers have long been ignored, but that is starting to change as more history texts begin to recognize women such as Karen Horney, Mary Ainsworth, Leta Hollingworth, and Christine Ladd-Franklin in their pages. † These women are just a few who have made tremendous contributions and marks on psychology.The background, theoretical approach, and contributions of Mary Ainsworth are very significant to the field psychology even still today. Time line/Background of Mary Ainsworth Mary Ainsworth was born in December 1913 in Glendale, Ohio. She was the oldest of three girls; in 1918 her family relocated to Toronto Canada, and gained their citizenship. In her household education and studies were noted to be important. â€Å"When she was fifteen, she read William McDougall's book Character and the Conduct of Life, which inspired her lifelong interest in psychology† (O'Connell, 1983).In 1929 Ainsworth attended study at the University of Toronto; she was one of only four students to finish the honors degree program in psychology. At the time her father decided it would be best for her to become a stenographer, but he was still supportive of her pursuit of graduate work in psychology. In 1939Mary Ainsworth was a recent Ph. D. graduate. She wanted to stay at the University of Toronto, and she fascinated the head of the psychology department. However, she was not selected for a position because the University Senate refused to appoint a female.In 1942 Ainsworth joined the Canadian Women’s Army Corp, and after serving as a counselor in the Army for four years, she came back to the University of Toronto and gained the position assistant professor. She got engaged to Leonar d Ainsworth a graduate student, and they married in 1950. It was difficult working as assistant professor on the faculty where her husband was a pupil so both moved to London, England. â€Å"Mary Ainsworth was selected for a research position at the Tavistock Clinic under psychiatrist John Bowlby.Bowlby’s research of the effects of separation of children from their mother’s/caregiver’s served as a precursor of Ainsworth’s earlier work on the security theory†. In 1953 Leonard Ainsworth was interested in going to Africa. Mary Ainsworth could find employment as a research psychologist at the East African Institute of Social Research in Kampala, Uganda. She conducted a short-term naturalistic study of the mother-infant relationship and published the results.Two years later Mary landed a position as a lecturer in Baltimore, Maryland, at John Hopkins. Not only did she lecture, and supervise students, she set up a private practice dedicated to children. I n 1960 because of divorce Ainsworth became very depressed. In 1963, one year after starting the research she is best known for she became a full professor. In1975 Ainsworth left Hopkins for a professor position at the University of Virginia. She taught there until her retirement in 1984. She remained active in her profession until 1992.The American Psychological Foundation awarded her the Gold Medal Award for life achievement in the science of psychology from. In 1999 Mary Ainsworth passed at the age of 86, she never had any children but her major contributions were in study of children. Theoretical Perspective of Mary Ainsworth Bowlby and Ainsworth worked together to develop the attachment theory and research. â€Å"The distinguishing characteristic of the theory of attachment that we have jointly developed is that it is an ethological approach to personality development.Although they had separate approaches to understanding personality development, they worked together each addin g different ideas and perspectives. In Uganda Ainsworth spent time doing research on mother child interactions. At the same time she teaching and lecturing about psychology at John Hopkins, Mary Ainsworth began work to create a test to measure attachments between mother’s and caregiver’s, and their children. Here she developed the â€Å"Strange Situations† assessment. Children ages 12 months-18 months were observed during the assessment.A researcher watched a child’s reaction when he or she was briefly left alone in an unfamiliar room. Important information was revealed during the separation and upon the mother’s/caregiver’s return. â€Å"Based on her observations, Ainsworth concluded that there are three main attachment styles. The three main attachment styles are secure, anxious- avoidant, and anxious resistant†. Because her initial finding, her work has spawned numerous studies into the nature of attachment and the different attach ment styles that exist between children and caregivers.Mary Ainsworth’s contributions to psychology Significant contributions to the science of psychology have been made by Mary Ainsworth with her â€Å"Strange Situations† assessment. After the research she concluded the main attachment styles are secure, anxious-avoidant, and anxious-resistant. She set a platform and many others shortly followed. Her controversial research on attachment played an important role in understanding the development of children.In 1986 researchers Main and Solomon added a fourth attachment style: disorganized-insecure. There are numerous studies that support Ainsworth’s research. Additional research has also shown early attachment styles can help predict behaviors later in life. Mary Ainsworth’s research and contributions are still important to the study of psychology today. Conclusion â€Å"Mary Ainsworth knew her work was debatable and could be understood by some in the wom en’s movement as a order to mothers to stay home with their children in their early age†.â€Å"And while I emphasize the importance of a secure attachment between infant and caregiver, and that full-time mothering may be the usual way of ensuring a secure attachment, she did not deny that alternative arrangements were possible. She said, â€Å"Had I myself had the children for whom I vainly longed, I like to believe I could have arrived at some satisfactory combination of mothering and a career, but I do not believe that there is any universal, easy, ready-made solution to the problem† (Ainsworth, 1983. p. 216).With tables turning and the contributions of psychology’s most prominent female theorist being added to text books students will study more about the contributions of Mary Ainsworth. Her background, significant contributions, and theoretical approach are vital still today. Many psychology researchers use the â€Å"Strange Situation† assessme nt as a basis for analysis on child development research. Mary Ainsworth lived 86 years and most of her life was spent researching, lecturing, teaching, and observing in the psychology field.

Essay on Management Information Systems

Essay on Management Information Systems Essay on Management Information Systems Essay on Management Information SystemsSchool Service Supply Inc. (SSS) is the statewide provider of school supplies. The company provides a wide range of materials and supplies to K-12 schools. SSS has a diverse network of suppliers and offers more than 88,000 SKUs to the schools. The company is the result of the unification of many regional suppliers. It should be noted that SSS does not supply textbooks and computers to the schools. SSS also has a wide sales and distribution network: there are 250 outside agents who cover all states and major areas; there are also 8 large distribution centers. The primary marketing tool of SSS is its large printed catalog.There are different types of competitors for SSS. Although there are no direct competitors, large retailers such as Office Depot (and other furniture retailers), national manufacturer of low-end school furniture Virco and local suppliers target the same clients are SSS. Currently the market share belonging to SSS is only 15%. One of the deficiencies of SSS is its outdated information system: the company uses different software and information systems for different processes (i.e. there are separate systems for ordering, forecasting demand, managing inventory, etc.). As a result, 30% of orders have errors arrive incomplete, are inaccurate or late.Strengths and weaknesses of SSSSSS has several key strengths. First of all, the company is represented in all states and has many effective sales representatives. Secondly, SSS has an efficient supply chain which includes more than 8,000 suppliers. The number of SKUs offered by SSS is also impressive and exceeds 88,000 units. Furthermore, SSS occupies a unique market niche which is not addressed directly by the competitors. SSS emerged due to various mergers and acquisitions of regional suppliers; therefore, the company is composed of experienced businessmen with a good market understanding of at least their region or state. The company can further increase sales a nd leverage its strengths by contacting more schools, offering a convenient way of reviewing the items offered, providing discounts and bulk orders to their clients.SSS also has a number of weaknesses. Its first weakness is the inefficiency of internal processes. In particular, 30% of incorrect or late orders is an indicator of poorly organized processes; such errors are likely to discourage customers. Secondly, SSS has inefficient marketing approach: it is expensive and inconvenient to market the items using catalogs nowadays. It seems that SSS is not represented in the web and hence more advanced school purchase agents simply have no information about SSS. The inefficiency of information systems in SSS is also a significant weakness: the companys systems are outdated and are not communicating with each other.Threats and opportunities of SSSThere are plenty of market opportunities for SSS. The company focuses on a particular market segment schools, and currently reached only 15% o f this market. SSS can establish contacts with the new customers and expand its business. Furthermore, SSS can include computers and textbooks as part of its offers. It might be efficient to offer turnkey solutions for classes and schools. It might be also efficient for SSS to get in touch with the providers of school software and to include software as part of their offers. SSS can collaborate with home schoolers and specialized schools. In addition to this, SSS can expand its market segment to include colleges and universities. One more opportunity is the use of online sales and creating a special website with interactive catalog of items offered by SSS.The threat originating from internal sources is the decline of SSSs reputation due to failed orders and the consequent decline of their market position. The biggest external threat emerges from competition, especially from large competitors such as Office Depot. Such competitors have more efficient operations and more sophisticated customer management systems, so they can easily enter the market segment where SSS is operating. Other threats include difficulty of competing with local mom and pop school suppliers because of the personal links existing between the schools and these suppliers and seasonality of sales.Benefits of information systemsThe use of a modern integrated management information system will significantly assist SSS in improving its market position. The use of integrated information systems in an organization has a number of advantages. Immediate benefits emerge from operational benefits SSS will be able to enhance performance, to increase turnover and improve efficiency of managing inventory, will be able to manage customer relationships in a better way, etc (Stair Reynolds, 2013). One more direct advantage of using one powerful information system will be the integration and alignment of all processes (Stair Reynolds, 2013). Using such system, SSS will be able to synchronize the actions o f its suppliers and sales representatives.It is recommended to align the information system with organizational website and ecommerce opportunities. Customers will be able to place orders online or by phone, to review items offered by SSS, to post own reviews and share experiences. Sales representatives will be able to check the availability of items, offer bulk prices and form orders on the go. Furthermore, suppliers will be able to receive and ship orders instantly. In addition to this, the use of information system will help SSS to manage its logistics and transportation more efficiently: the company will be able to merge orders and deliveries when the inventory management systems of its distribution centers are integrated.Creating a competitive advantage using information systemsIn addition to operational benefits offered by the use of information systems, there also emerge tactical and strategic benefits (Sousa Oz, 2014). Tactical benefits include increased visibility of busin ess operations, improved forecasting, the opportunity to make preliminary orders and to negotiate different options of the order with the clients (Sousa Oz, 2014). The availability of operational and tactical information creates a background for developing business intelligence. SSS will be able to set more precise strategic goals and assess its current and future market position with the help of information systems. Employees and senior management will be able to trace real-time information and therefore improve decision-making, formation of prices and interactions with the customers.Using information systems, SSS can develop the following competitive advantages: optimize its costs and overheads, optimize the supply chain, make prices more competitive, enhance planning and forecasting, etc. Furthermore, the presence of information system will help SSS add new items to its catalog such as school textbooks, computers and even school software. Therefore, the implementation of a unifi ed management information system will help SSS improve its operations, strengthen its market position and create competitive advantages.

Social Media Branding Guidelines How to Make Your Brand Memorable

Social Media Branding Guidelines How to Make Your Brand Memorable Have you ever noticed that sometimes brands will look and sound different on social media than they do on their blog or website? Social media can sometimes be an afterthought that is tacked on to a company’s strategy long after their original brand guidelines have been built. Instead, brands should have forward-thinking social media guidelines that help create a cohesive voice and experience across all of their social channels. In this post, you’re going to: Learn how to build out actionable social media branding guidelines.  With our downloadable social media branding kit, you’ll be able to put the advice from this blog straight into use by creating actionable guidelines that will show you step-by-step how to create a more memorable social media presence. Learn to cohesively combine your social media presence with your overarching brand guidelines.  You may already have your brand guidelines established, but how well do they really transfer over to your social media profiles?Often times, social media becomes an afterthought tacked on to a marketing strategy at the last minute. You’ll learn how to move those overarching guidelines seamlessly onto your social media profiles so that everything from your website to your Twitter profile creates the same experience for your customers. See examples of how brands are creating familiar experiences across their entire online presence.  Learn from the best and make it yours. We’ll show you examples of how brands are making the most of their social media profiles by creating great, cohesive profiles. How to Build Social Media Branding Guidelines That Will Make Your Brand MemorableDownload Your Social Media  Brand Style Guide  + Voice And Tone Templates Before you continue reading this post, download our social media branding kit. This kit has two different pieces that will allow you to flesh out your social media branding guidelines: Social Media Image Style Guide to keep your visual content on-point and on-brand every time you post. Voice and Tone Brainstorming Document to ensure every post captures the voice of your brand. Pretty slick, huh? Getting Started: Move Your Brand Voice And Tone Over To Your Social Media Channels Aren’t voice and tone the same thing? Not exactly. Your social media voice refers to what you sound like on your social media sites. Are you funny or sarcastic? Witty or professional? Your tone, on the other hand, refers to how you say things. For example, if I were to say I need an email sent, it doesn’t mean much; however, if I were to yell that same phrase, it would trigger a much different response because my tone changed. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be A Social Work Ninja Everything Good Comes In Threes, Right? For the first part of this brainstorming process, I want you to think about three adjectives that could describe your business. Think about a popular brand like Under Armour. What three words would you use to describe that brand? Athletic, powerful, and dynamic are what I think of. For example, take a look at one of their recent Instagram posts. This campaign was directed at their audience reminding them that women can be so much more than a pretty face. The photo is incredibly dynamic, displaying the power of the woman in the photograph. Pretty capable of conquering this. #ImPretty Create your own statement like this. Hit link in bio. A post shared by Under Armour (@underarmour) on Mar 15, 2017 at 7:38am PDT In case you are really stumped, here is a list of descriptive adjectives to help you get started: In your brainstorming document that you downloaded earlier is a spot where you can record all of those adjectives in one place. Once you pick a set of three, hold on to them, you’ll need them later. Develop Your Voice The second part of your brainstorming session is to think about how your brand sounds across the different points your customer accesses your company. How do you sound on your website? How about your blog? If you have a set of brand guidelines that your company operates by, I would pull those out. More often than not, a company will define their voice and tone within their branding guide. In that section, a general definition should appear of what the brand should sound like as a whole. If you don’t have brand guidelines developed, look at your website and blog. What do you sound like? Are you funny? Witty? Serious? Seeing how you already talk with your audience can help you develop your voice for social media. For example, MailChimp has published their content style guidelines online, which contains a short paragraph describing what the voice of MailChimp  should sound like. MailChimp continues that development and begins to describe how that voice is going to come across online.  They are: Fun but not silly Confident but not cocky Helpful but not overbearing These defining characteristics help MailChimp figure out exactly what their voice is and what it isn’t. Now you’re going to do the same thing on your brainstorming worksheet. Write down ten â€Å"We are this but not that† statements that will help your company achieve your defined voice. Your voice is fun but not what? You are not rude but instead, you are ... what? Fill in that worksheet with all the do’s and don’t you think your company voice will need. Develop Your Tone The next step in your social media branding process is to create your social media tone. How do you want to come across to your followers? Sarcastic like Wendy’s? Introducing Wendy’s new Strawberry Mango Salad. Because you probably don’t have a private garden with all kinds of fresh ingredients. pic.twitter.com/ZaH3pamfkO - Wendy's (@Wendys) June 6, 2017 Feel-good like Disney? Or professional like Microsoft? Follow along with our #MicrosoftEvent in Shanghai starting at 11AM GMT Tuesday, May 23 by clicking the link in our bio. A post shared by Microsoft (@microsoft) on May 22, 2017 at 2:16pm PDT There are unlimited options, which means that you’ll have a more cohesive presence and experience if the voice on all your channels are on the same page. The best thing to think about when you’re creating your tone is â€Å"how do you want your audience to read your social media messages†? Let’s continue looking at MailChimp. They break down their tone by saying that they are informal, meaning they're not afraid to share a joke every once in a while, but they should always be clear in their social media posts. So how do you create your tone in your social media branding guidelines? First answer the following questions, on a scratch paper or in your brainstorming document. How do we want our audience to read our social media messages? What is the tone of our typical message? What is the tone of our more infrequent messages? Are we going to include slang or popular jargon? What are the feelings we want our customers to have when they read our posts? After you’ve answered these questions you can begin to fill in the pre-set paragraph in your voice and tone brainstorming document. Feel free to edit, add or remove text as needed. We’ve also included a short example for a fictional company to help you get started. Before we continue on to the next step, it is important to mention a key factor when it comes to social media tone. The tone of your social messages is going to vary much more than voice. Your tone can change at a moments notice, whether you’re responding to an angry customer or a national disaster. Keep this in mind when you create your social guidelines document. Define Your Voice and Tone This is the last part of your voice and tone brainstorming exercise. Now that you know what your voice and tone sound like, it’s time to define them in one short, all-encompassing sentence. For example, MailChimp’s voice is defined by saying that it is human, friendly, and straightforward. Your sentence could contain the three adjectives you came up with earlier or summarize what you think are the most vital goals of your company. It’s all up to you. That’s all you need to do to transfer your original voice and tone guidelines to your social media accounts. That wasn’t too bad, was it? Let’s move on to images and videos. Social Media Branding Guidelines How to Make Your Brand Memorable Have you ever noticed that sometimes brands will look and sound different on social media than they do on their blog or website? Social media can sometimes be an afterthought that is tacked on to a company’s strategy long after their original brand guidelines have been built. Instead, brands should have forward-thinking social media guidelines that help create a cohesive voice and experience across all of their social channels. In this post, you’re going to: Learn how to build out actionable social media branding guidelines.  With our downloadable social media branding kit, you’ll be able to put the advice from this blog straight into use by creating actionable guidelines that will show you step-by-step how to create a more memorable social media presence. Learn to cohesively combine your social media presence with your overarching brand guidelines.  You may already have your brand guidelines established, but how well do they really transfer over to your social media profiles?Often times, social media becomes an afterthought tacked on to a marketing strategy at the last minute. You’ll learn how to move those overarching guidelines seamlessly onto your social media profiles so that everything from your website to your Twitter profile creates the same experience for your customers. See examples of how brands are creating familiar experiences across their entire online presence.  Learn from the best and make it yours. We’ll show you examples of how brands are making the most of their social media profiles by creating great, cohesive profiles. How to Build Social Media Branding Guidelines That Will Make Your Brand MemorableDownload Your Social Media  Brand Style Guide  + Voice And Tone Templates Before you continue reading this post, download our social media branding kit. This kit has two different pieces that will allow you to flesh out your social media branding guidelines: Social Media Image Style Guide to keep your visual content on-point and on-brand every time you post. Voice and Tone Brainstorming Document to ensure every post captures the voice of your brand. Pretty slick, huh? Getting Started: Move Your Brand Voice And Tone Over To Your Social Media Channels Aren’t voice and tone the same thing? Not exactly. Your social media voice refers to what you sound like on your social media sites. Are you funny or sarcastic? Witty or professional? Your tone, on the other hand, refers to how you say things. For example, if I were to say I need an email sent, it doesn’t mean much; however, if I were to yell that same phrase, it would trigger a much different response because my tone changed. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be A Social Work Ninja Everything Good Comes In Threes, Right? For the first part of this brainstorming process, I want you to think about three adjectives that could describe your business. Think about a popular brand like Under Armour. What three words would you use to describe that brand? Athletic, powerful, and dynamic are what I think of. For example, take a look at one of their recent Instagram posts. This campaign was directed at their audience reminding them that women can be so much more than a pretty face. The photo is incredibly dynamic, displaying the power of the woman in the photograph. Pretty capable of conquering this. #ImPretty Create your own statement like this. Hit link in bio. A post shared by Under Armour (@underarmour) on Mar 15, 2017 at 7:38am PDT In case you are really stumped, here is a list of descriptive adjectives to help you get started: In your brainstorming document that you downloaded earlier is a spot where you can record all of those adjectives in one place. Once you pick a set of three, hold on to them, you’ll need them later. Develop Your Voice The second part of your brainstorming session is to think about how your brand sounds across the different points your customer accesses your company. How do you sound on your website? How about your blog? If you have a set of brand guidelines that your company operates by, I would pull those out. More often than not, a company will define their voice and tone within their branding guide. In that section, a general definition should appear of what the brand should sound like as a whole. If you don’t have brand guidelines developed, look at your website and blog. What do you sound like? Are you funny? Witty? Serious? Seeing how you already talk with your audience can help you develop your voice for social media. For example, MailChimp has published their content style guidelines online, which contains a short paragraph describing what the voice of MailChimp  should sound like. MailChimp continues that development and begins to describe how that voice is going to come across online.  They are: Fun but not silly Confident but not cocky Helpful but not overbearing These defining characteristics help MailChimp figure out exactly what their voice is and what it isn’t. Now you’re going to do the same thing on your brainstorming worksheet. Write down ten â€Å"We are this but not that† statements that will help your company achieve your defined voice. Your voice is fun but not what? You are not rude but instead, you are ... what? Fill in that worksheet with all the do’s and don’t you think your company voice will need. Develop Your Tone The next step in your social media branding process is to create your social media tone. How do you want to come across to your followers? Sarcastic like Wendy’s? Introducing Wendy’s new Strawberry Mango Salad. Because you probably don’t have a private garden with all kinds of fresh ingredients. pic.twitter.com/ZaH3pamfkO - Wendy's (@Wendys) June 6, 2017 Feel-good like Disney? Or professional like Microsoft? Follow along with our #MicrosoftEvent in Shanghai starting at 11AM GMT Tuesday, May 23 by clicking the link in our bio. A post shared by Microsoft (@microsoft) on May 22, 2017 at 2:16pm PDT There are unlimited options, which means that you’ll have a more cohesive presence and experience if the voice on all your channels are on the same page. The best thing to think about when you’re creating your tone is â€Å"how do you want your audience to read your social media messages†? Let’s continue looking at MailChimp. They break down their tone by saying that they are informal, meaning they're not afraid to share a joke every once in a while, but they should always be clear in their social media posts. So how do you create your tone in your social media branding guidelines? First answer the following questions, on a scratch paper or in your brainstorming document. How do we want our audience to read our social media messages? What is the tone of our typical message? What is the tone of our more infrequent messages? Are we going to include slang or popular jargon? What are the feelings we want our customers to have when they read our posts? After you’ve answered these questions you can begin to fill in the pre-set paragraph in your voice and tone brainstorming document. Feel free to edit, add or remove text as needed. We’ve also included a short example for a fictional company to help you get started. Before we continue on to the next step, it is important to mention a key factor when it comes to social media tone. The tone of your social messages is going to vary much more than voice. Your tone can change at a moments notice, whether you’re responding to an angry customer or a national disaster. Keep this in mind when you create your social guidelines document. Define Your Voice and Tone This is the last part of your voice and tone brainstorming exercise. Now that you know what your voice and tone sound like, it’s time to define them in one short, all-encompassing sentence. For example, MailChimp’s voice is defined by saying that it is human, friendly, and straightforward. Your sentence could contain the three adjectives you came up with earlier or summarize what you think are the most vital goals of your company. It’s all up to you. That’s all you need to do to transfer your original voice and tone guidelines to your social media accounts. That wasn’t too bad, was it? Let’s move on to images and videos. Social Media Branding Guidelines How to Make Your Brand Memorable Have you ever noticed that sometimes brands will look and sound different on social media than they do on their blog or website? Social media can sometimes be an afterthought that is tacked on to a company’s strategy long after their original brand guidelines have been built. Instead, brands should have forward-thinking social media guidelines that help create a cohesive voice and experience across all of their social channels. In this post, you’re going to: Learn how to build out actionable social media branding guidelines.  With our downloadable social media branding kit, you’ll be able to put the advice from this blog straight into use by creating actionable guidelines that will show you step-by-step how to create a more memorable social media presence. Learn to cohesively combine your social media presence with your overarching brand guidelines.  You may already have your brand guidelines established, but how well do they really transfer over to your social media profiles?Often times, social media becomes an afterthought tacked on to a marketing strategy at the last minute. You’ll learn how to move those overarching guidelines seamlessly onto your social media profiles so that everything from your website to your Twitter profile creates the same experience for your customers. See examples of how brands are creating familiar experiences across their entire online presence.  Learn from the best and make it yours. We’ll show you examples of how brands are making the most of their social media profiles by creating great, cohesive profiles. How to Build Social Media Branding Guidelines That Will Make Your Brand MemorableDownload Your Social Media  Brand Style Guide  + Voice And Tone Templates Before you continue reading this post, download our social media branding kit. This kit has two different pieces that will allow you to flesh out your social media branding guidelines: Social Media Image Style Guide to keep your visual content on-point and on-brand every time you post. Voice and Tone Brainstorming Document to ensure every post captures the voice of your brand. Pretty slick, huh? Getting Started: Move Your Brand Voice And Tone Over To Your Social Media Channels Aren’t voice and tone the same thing? Not exactly. Your social media voice refers to what you sound like on your social media sites. Are you funny or sarcastic? Witty or professional? Your tone, on the other hand, refers to how you say things. For example, if I were to say I need an email sent, it doesn’t mean much; however, if I were to yell that same phrase, it would trigger a much different response because my tone changed. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be A Social Work Ninja Everything Good Comes In Threes, Right? For the first part of this brainstorming process, I want you to think about three adjectives that could describe your business. Think about a popular brand like Under Armour. What three words would you use to describe that brand? Athletic, powerful, and dynamic are what I think of. For example, take a look at one of their recent Instagram posts. This campaign was directed at their audience reminding them that women can be so much more than a pretty face. The photo is incredibly dynamic, displaying the power of the woman in the photograph. Pretty capable of conquering this. #ImPretty Create your own statement like this. Hit link in bio. A post shared by Under Armour (@underarmour) on Mar 15, 2017 at 7:38am PDT In case you are really stumped, here is a list of descriptive adjectives to help you get started: In your brainstorming document that you downloaded earlier is a spot where you can record all of those adjectives in one place. Once you pick a set of three, hold on to them, you’ll need them later. Develop Your Voice The second part of your brainstorming session is to think about how your brand sounds across the different points your customer accesses your company. How do you sound on your website? How about your blog? If you have a set of brand guidelines that your company operates by, I would pull those out. More often than not, a company will define their voice and tone within their branding guide. In that section, a general definition should appear of what the brand should sound like as a whole. If you don’t have brand guidelines developed, look at your website and blog. What do you sound like? Are you funny? Witty? Serious? Seeing how you already talk with your audience can help you develop your voice for social media. For example, MailChimp has published their content style guidelines online, which contains a short paragraph describing what the voice of MailChimp  should sound like. MailChimp continues that development and begins to describe how that voice is going to come across online.  They are: Fun but not silly Confident but not cocky Helpful but not overbearing These defining characteristics help MailChimp figure out exactly what their voice is and what it isn’t. Now you’re going to do the same thing on your brainstorming worksheet. Write down ten â€Å"We are this but not that† statements that will help your company achieve your defined voice. Your voice is fun but not what? You are not rude but instead, you are ... what? Fill in that worksheet with all the do’s and don’t you think your company voice will need. Develop Your Tone The next step in your social media branding process is to create your social media tone. How do you want to come across to your followers? Sarcastic like Wendy’s? Introducing Wendy’s new Strawberry Mango Salad. Because you probably don’t have a private garden with all kinds of fresh ingredients. pic.twitter.com/ZaH3pamfkO - Wendy's (@Wendys) June 6, 2017 Feel-good like Disney? Or professional like Microsoft? Follow along with our #MicrosoftEvent in Shanghai starting at 11AM GMT Tuesday, May 23 by clicking the link in our bio. A post shared by Microsoft (@microsoft) on May 22, 2017 at 2:16pm PDT There are unlimited options, which means that you’ll have a more cohesive presence and experience if the voice on all your channels are on the same page. The best thing to think about when you’re creating your tone is â€Å"how do you want your audience to read your social media messages†? Let’s continue looking at MailChimp. They break down their tone by saying that they are informal, meaning they're not afraid to share a joke every once in a while, but they should always be clear in their social media posts. So how do you create your tone in your social media branding guidelines? First answer the following questions, on a scratch paper or in your brainstorming document. How do we want our audience to read our social media messages? What is the tone of our typical message? What is the tone of our more infrequent messages? Are we going to include slang or popular jargon? What are the feelings we want our customers to have when they read our posts? After you’ve answered these questions you can begin to fill in the pre-set paragraph in your voice and tone brainstorming document. Feel free to edit, add or remove text as needed. We’ve also included a short example for a fictional company to help you get started. Before we continue on to the next step, it is important to mention a key factor when it comes to social media tone. The tone of your social messages is going to vary much more than voice. Your tone can change at a moments notice, whether you’re responding to an angry customer or a national disaster. Keep this in mind when you create your social guidelines document. Define Your Voice and Tone This is the last part of your voice and tone brainstorming exercise. Now that you know what your voice and tone sound like, it’s time to define them in one short, all-encompassing sentence. For example, MailChimp’s voice is defined by saying that it is human, friendly, and straightforward. Your sentence could contain the three adjectives you came up with earlier or summarize what you think are the most vital goals of your company. It’s all up to you. That’s all you need to do to transfer your original voice and tone guidelines to your social media accounts. That wasn’t too bad, was it? Let’s move on to images and videos.

Change Management of an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change Management of an Organization - Essay Example So the above mentioned lines are indicating one more interesting technique to reach organizational goals, that is changing the people's attitude, their way of working, and behavior towards work so that organization can reach its objectives through change which is probably the only way for it to reach its goals as modernization automatically changes the surroundings, behaviors of buyers, the variety of competition and so on. The business doesn't get changed itself, nor does it require it self to change with out any need as the profitability (growth) or survival is the core objective of any business, but when it comes to change, only external factors make an organization or business change primarily, afterwards the firm changes it self may be in internal manners. The External change drivers that can be seen commonly in this modern world or from the time the changing took place include Mega Environment1, it further includes Technological Element, in which the modern technology that is used outside the firm, perhaps around the world and by the competitors tends to change the organization, the failure to use such technology can result in loss of values, customers, and most importantly long-term profits. The next external change is brought by Economic Element, of course the change in the country's wealth distribution, it's financial debt and the inflation can create unbalance in an organization or any business, such as the decrease in the price of a certain commodity or product can have some negative impact on the firms profitability, specially if the country in which the organization is operated is a socialist economy in which the government owns a lot than the individuals. The next one is Legal-Political Element, these are somewhat the governm ental forces that affect the business or organization from outside, such as passing a new taxation rule, or a new policy which implementation can also make an organization to change its norms and policies, in such cases the organizations are forced to follow such rules, or they can be penalized. The Socio-cultural Elements is another external change driver, here the attitudes, norms, traditions, behaviors etc. that the people of the country in which the organization is operated follow, a good example is that if a food business is being operated and Muslims somehow enter into that area demanding the cautionary meat, the organization would have to change and would have to start making the demanded meat. The last of Mega environments is International Element, these are general norms followed by the organizations being operated around the globe, for instance, the McDonald's in every country has to follow somewhat the same standards that parent company is following, other wise it can be penalized. Now lets discuss an other sort of External Change driver, it is called Task Environment2, it includes Customer and Clients, of course they are the only ones because of whom change is adopted, the customers